Joint Criminal Liability for Murder | Case Study

Joint Criminal Liability for Murder | Case Study Introduction: This assignment will attempt to analyse lesser criminal liabilities leading up to stronger criminal liabilities for all parties involved in a possible conviction of murder by focussing on the major themes of contending and procuring, aiding and abetting, accessory liability, unlawful killing, grievous bodily harm (death resulting) and causation. Joint Criminal Liability between Andy, Matthew Jimmy Are both Andy and Matthew equally principal offenders for the purpose of distinguishing criminal liability? Criminal liability A person who commits the acts which form whole or part of the actus reus of the crime is known as a ‘principal in the first degree†: Osland v R (1998) [1] It can be derived from the facts that both Andy and Matthew were present at the scene to carry out a joint criminal enterprise: Tangye (1997) [2] as there was an express agreement: Tangye (1997) [3]made between the two to seize the managers of large supermarkets in their homes and force them to return to their supermarkets and open the safes. On the facts it cannot be established that derivative liability exists between the two or any failure to agree to such actions is present: Osland v R (1998) [4]rather an â€Å"acting in concert† which may create the effect of equally placing responsibility on each individual for the acts of the other: R v Lowery and King (No.2) (1972) [5] Both Andy and Matthew may be charged with Conspiracy under S.321 to commit and offence does this extend to Jimmy? Conspiracy Andy puts his plans to Mathew who agrees to take part in the robberies, for a percentage of the proceeds under S.321 of the crimes Act 1958 this agreement made between Andy and Matthew resulted in the involvement and commission of the offence hence may lead to a finding of guilt in conspiracy to commit that offence. Does this apply to Jimmys level of involvement? Actus Reus Conspiracy has been defined as an agreement to do an unlawful act or a lawful act by unlawful means†:R V Jones (1832) [6] there is clearly no question of dispute that both Andy and Mathew decided that the best way of making quick money was to execute the agreed criminal act. To establish contravention of s.321 it may be inferred that Jimmys conduct of providing a â€Å"safe house intentionally perverted the course of Justice or intended to pervert the administration of public justice: James v. Robinson (1963) [7] hence making Jimi a complicit in the commission of a crime. Mens Rea The establishment of both Andy and Matthewss intentional agreement to contravene s.321 is apparent on the facts posing the question whether a conspiracy charge is as effective as heavier weighed substantive charges available: Hoar v R (1981) [8] Jimmy may be found guilty under the equally applicable test if it is proved that the provision of the ‘safe house was a furtherance to the common purpose: R. v. Tripodi (1955) [9] in effect being liable for accessorial liability due to the counselling and procuring involved with Andy and Matthews main offences. Defences The scope of mens rea clearly applied to Jimmy is debatable â€Å"a conspiracy is proved by evidence of the actual terms of the agreement made or accepted or by evidence from which an agreement to effect common objects or purpose is inferred.†: Gerakiteys v R (1984) [10]. No evidence of actual terms of the agreement provides a clear entry point before the act or common object to the commission of the offence by Jimmy: R v Theophanous (2003) [11]The mere providing of a â€Å"safe house provides only an inference for a jury to draw upon after the fact of Jimis level of participation. In this light the evidence may fall short of establishing a clear level of involvement: R V Darby (1982)[12]. Due to the possible grey area in establishing Jimmys intention to pervert the course of justice the possibility of an acquittal under s.321 may result, if the inference of the overt act in itself is not proved beyond reasonable doubt aligning common purpose against other substantive criminal acts: R V Darby (1982) [13]. Both Andy and Matthew may be charged with Burglary does this extend to Aggravated Burglary? Burglary Andy and Matthew may be guilty of burglary for breaking into Joes home as trespassers with an intention to assault both Joe and Betty. Actus Reus As we can see from the facts the actions of both Andy and Matthew in breaking into Joes home may substitute the trespassing and home for the purpose of a building. Case? Mens Rea On the facts this was actioned knowingly without permission with a firm intent to commit an assault: R v Collins (1972) [14] Aggravated Burglary If burglary can be established between Andy and Matthew they may be also be found guilty of aggravated burglary due to the carrying of a firearm at the time and knowingly entering with intent to do so. Actus Reus Both Matthew and Andy entered intending to assault Joe carrying loaded pistols at the time of their entry. With no apparent reason on the facts to dispute that Joe was not present in his house, hence an inference may be drawn by the jury not suggesting otherwise: R v Verde (2009) [15] Mens Rea: Both Andy and Matthew on the facts intended to threaten to cause injury to a person inside the house if he they were disturbed during the burglary: R v Verde [2009] [16]. They also had the weapon for a purpose connected with the burglary as discussed about albeit for armed robbery: R v Kolb Adams (2007) [17]. Matthew may also be charged of extortion with threat to kill Extortion with threat to kill Furthermore on the above aggravated burglary charge this may be coupled with Matthews threat to kill Betty which may contravene S.27A B regarding extortion with a threat to kill. Actus Reus Matthew clearly made a demand of Betty to lie down on the floor and remain silent or he will kill her. Leaving Joe fearing for his life and that of his wife if they did not submit: R v Lawrence (1980) [18] Mens Rea: On the facts Matthewss intention to threaten to kill was an attempt to create fear of the infliction of harm: Ryan v Cuhl (1979) [19]. Is Andy liable for the common law crime of false imprisonment against Betty? False imprisonment Andy may be liable for the Criminal offence of false imprisonment due to unlawful restraint and threats to both Joe and Betty. Actus Reus As we can see from the facts Andy drags Betty into another room tying her hands and feet with rope and taping her mouth in order for her not to scream. Clearly unlawfully restraining Betty from her liberty to freedom of movement, furthermore confining her into the custody of one room: Ruddock v Taylor (2005) [20] Mens Rea: Andy held a clear intention to unlawfully restrain Betty against her will as a consequence of his threats to kill her and Joe if they did not comply: R v Garrett (1988) [21] Defences There is little to no likelihood that Andy may raise a defence of lawful justification for his actions upon the facts: Blackstone [22] Andys Liability Is Andy liable for contravening S.22 23 of the Crimes Act 1958 regarding Bettys unborn child. Conduct endangering life/Reckless conduct endangering serious injury Andy may be charged as a result of engaging voluntarily in the conduct of restraining Betty without lawful excuse that may have placed her unborn child in danger of death. S.22 23 Actus Reus It can be clearly established that Betty whimpered that she was 7 months pregnant, however Andy voluntarily and recklessly continued without lawful excuse to assault and restrain causing possible serious injury by way of miscarriage on Bettys unborn child: R v Crabbe (1985)[23] Mens Rea Applying the test in: Ryan v Walker (1966) [24] to the possible death by way of miscarriage to Bettys unborn child. The Jury may infer that this possibility was contemplated by Andy as a result of his continued restraint and threat to kill. Furthermore evidence of Andy contacting authorities alluded to his realisation and contemplation of danger or serious injury. Defences: There may be a minimal defence to debate the intent on Andys behalf to place Bettys unborn in danger by the subsequent contacting of authorities furthermore death did not result, hence the actus reus of the consequence failed to occur: R v NuriI (1990) [25] however a finding on the continuation of Bettys restraint at the time of the offence may weigh more heavily against Andys contemplation: R v Crabbe (1985).[26]. It must also be noted that in R v Hutty (1953) [27]a person is not a being until he or she if fully born in a living state however R v West (1848) [28] negates this and still establishes homicide if a child is born and subsequently dies. Does Andys use of stolen licence plates constitute theft for the purposes of s.72 (1) s.73 (5) s.73 (12) Theft Andy may be charged with theft by the action of stealing or dishonestly appropriating another persons licence plates with the intention of permanently depriving them from the owner. Actus Reus Clearly Andy was unauthorised to appropriate or physical take and carry away: The king v James Lapier (1784)[29]. Another persons tangible property: Oxford v Moss (1979) [30]in this case being licence plates for the commission of the offence. Mens Rea It may be inferred that Andy had specific intent to dishonestly deprive s.73(12) the owner of rightful possession of the licence plates for his own right to use: Stein v Henshall (1976)[31] furthermore this can be strengthen by the lack of consent: R v Senese (2004) [32] Are both Andy and Matthew liable for kidnapping Joe under S.63a Kidnapping Andy and Matthew may be liable for demanding Joe to drive to the supermarket to intentionally open the safe for their advantage in return for his release. Actus Reus On the facts we can clearly see that Joes personal liberty or freedom of choice was removed primarily by way of a threat to kill unless he complies: Wellard v R(1978) [33]. Secondly this was performed by Joe being carried away in the form of a car by Andy and Matthew. Thirdly this was achieved by force without consent. This may be inferred by a Jury as his wife Betty was clearly in an injured state. Fourthly at no point was there any justified lawful excuse: R v D (1984) [34]. Mens Rea Andy and Matthew both shared intent in agreeing to perform the kidnapping in order to fulfil their common purpose of performing the robbery. Case Did the actions of Joe opening the safe constitute a criminal offence under s.9AG. Duress Joe may not be found guilty of a criminal offence pertaining to the opening of the safe under duress due to a threat to kill Betty. Actus Reus: On the facts a threat of immediate death was made towards Betty unless both remained compliant. Joe being clearly overborne by this indirect threat subsequently led his will to be placed under duress, furthermore serious personal violence overbearing his ability to become resistant or no opportunity to restrain lead may lead to a strong justification for his actions of opening the safe: Attorney-General v Whelan (1934) [35] Mens Rea Clearly Joe had no intent to perform this criminal offence if he was not under duress, his will was overborne with fear for his life and that of his wife. Defences Joe has a strong case in establishing duress: R v Brown (1986). [36] Furthermore a jury may infer that carrying out the conduct was the only reasonable way that the threatened harm could have been avoided. s.9AG. (b) Are both Andy Matthew guilty of committing Robbery/Armed Robbery contravening s.75 s.75A? Robbery/Armed robbery Both Andy Matthew as an accessory may be equally guilty of robbery for stealing the contents of a safe by force through Joe by means of fear with the use of firearms. Actus Reus Joe was aware of the theft and subsequently was compelled by force or fear to submit to Andys demands to open the supermarket and safe, this prevention by violence or threat establishes robbery under s.75 the use of firearm establishes armed robbery for the purpose of s.75 a (1) enabling the two to have the safe opened and its contents permanently deprived of the owner. It is clear that Joe being the supermarket manager satisfying s.75 a (1) as the applicable person or custodian of the property in this instance: Smith v Desmond (1965)[37] Mens Rea It is clear that Andy and Matthew intended to place Joe under duress by the use of a deadly weapon to intimidate Joe to fear for his life and that of his wife. case Defences Regardless if Andy believed he had an honest entitlement by way of his intentions of support for the Karen tribe as a claim for defence, it is unnecessary to prove this: R v Langham. (1984) [38] furthermore would not constitute lawful excuse at any rate under the Firearms Act (1996) s.132 (2). Thirdly a claim for military necessity would not apply due to his departure from the SAS and proportionality arguments contravening multiple international humanitarian law conventions regarding legal use of force.[39] Andys Liability over Joes serious injuries sustained. Causing serious injury intentionally Andy may be charged under s.16 17 s.22 for pistol whipping Joe until he became unconscious. Actus Reus It may be established on the facts that Joe clearly suffered no less than serious grievous bodily harm by Andys act of pistol whipping to the point of unconsciousness DPP v Smith (1961)[40]. Due to this act being in furtherance of a crime it would constitute without lawful excuse for the purposes of s.16 of the crimes act 1958. Mens rea Andys intent may be established sufficiently in causing intentionally serious injury through the furtherance of a crime or alternatively through recklessness. Meyers v R (1997) [41] It is possible that recklessness may also be established given the nature of Andys training received through the SAS in the continued use of such force being reasonable foreseeable that such a consequence may arise R v Coleman (1990) [42]. Andy may also be liable under s.22 for recklessly engaging in conduct that renders Joe in danger of death with the carrying of a firearm it also may be sufficient to be deemed guilty for grievous bodily harm and breech of s.31a R v Faure (1999)[43]. as a probable consequence he may be deemed just as blameworthy as the conduct of one who does an act intended to kill or to do grievous bodily harm. R v Crabbe (1985) [44] Is Matthew triable as a principal offender as an abettor for his involvement in the commission of a crime under S.323? Abettors in indictable offences are triable as principal offenders Matthew may be charged for assisting Andy at the scenes of the crime furthermore encouraging and procuring by taking appropriate steps towards the commission of the offence under S.323 Crimes act 1958. Actus Reus Matthew agreeing to take part in the robberies hence satisfies the preparation arm or to â€Å"abet† in agreeing to the commission of the offences Thambiah v R (1966)[45], Secondly clearly he â€Å"aided† when he broke into the home acting in concert, hence not derivative to the principal offence also by carrying loaded pistols and when he threatened Betty and Joe performing the subsequent false imprisonment Osland v R (1998) [46] Thirdly Matthew â€Å"counselled† by â€Å"keeping nit† and not changing the course of action R V Whitefield (1983) [47] whilst the robbery took place. These actions show the series of steps undertaken in the commission of the offences constituting a breach of s.323. Mens Rea Matthew may be found guilty due to the fact that at no time Matthews intention knowingly or wilfully changed to the knowledge and acceptance of the pre formed sequence of events R v Bainbridge (1959)[48]. [1] Osland v R (1998) 159 ALR 170 [2] Tangye (1997) 92 a Crim R 545 [3] ibid at 545 [4] Osland v R (1998) 159 ALR 170 [5] R v Lowery and King [No.2] (1972) VR 560 [6] R V Jones (1832) 4 b Ad 345 at 349 [7] James v. Robinson (1963) 1 CLR 593 at p 618 [8] Hoar v R (1981) 148 CLR 32 [9] R. v. Tripodi (1955) SCR 438 [10] Gerakiteys v R (1984) 153 CLR 317 at 7 [11] R v Theophanous (2003) 141 A Crim R 216. [12] R V Darby (1982) 40 ALR [13] R V Darby (1982) 40 ALR 601 [14] R v Collins (1972) 2 All ER [15] R v Verde (2009) VSCA 16 [16] R v Verde [2009] VSCA 16 [17] R v Kolb (2007) QCA 180 [18] R v Lawrence (1980) 32 ALR 72 [19] Ryan v Cuhl (1979) VR 315 [20] Ruddock v Taylor (2005) 222 CLR 612 [21] R v Garrett (1988) 30 SASR 392. [22] Blackstone, Book 4, Chapter 14 [23] R v Crabbe [1985] 156 CLR 464 469 [24] Ryan v Walker (1966) VR 553 [25] R v NURI (1990) VSCA 7 [26] R v Crabbe [1985] 156 CLR 464 469 [27] R v Hutty (1953) VLR 338 at 339 [28] R v West (1848) 2 Cox cc 500 [29] The king v James Lapier (1784) 168 ER 263 and Wallis v Lane [1964] VR 293 [30] Oxford v Moss (1979) 68 Cr App Rep 183 [31] Stein v. Henshall (976)V.R. 612 [32] R v Senese (2004) VSCA 136SDSD [33] Wellard v R(1978) 67 Cr App R 364 [34] R v D (1984) 2 all er 449 [35] Attorney-General v Whelan (1934) IR 518 at 526 [36] R v Brown (1986) 43 SASR 33 at 37. [37] Smith v Desmond (1965) AC 960. [38] R v Langham. (1984) 36 SASR 48 [39] Article 52 of Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions [40] DPP v Smith 1961 AC 290 [41] Meyers v R [1997] HCA 43; (1997) 147 ALR 440; (1997) [42] R v Coleman (1990) 19 NSW 467 [43] R v Faure (1999) 2 VR 537 [44] R v Crabbe [1985] HCA 22; (1985) 156 CLR 464 (26 March 1985) [45] Thambiah v R (1966) AC 37 [46] Osland v R (1998) 197 CLR 316 [47] R V Whitefield (1983) 79 Cr App R 36 [48] R v Bainbridge (1959) 3 ALL ER 200

Ivan the Terrible Essay -- History

Ivan the Terrible I’m doing my report on Ivan the Terrible. Ivan Vasiljevich the Terrible was born in 1530 and died in 1584. He was the son of the Grand Duke Vasili III. His mother Helena Glinsky was the daughter of a Luthuanian refugee who had found asylum in Russia. She was young, vivacious, intelligent, and beautiful. Vasili had married her after he tried to have an heir for 20 years with his first wife Salome. Vasili was in his 50’s, and Helena was 20 when Ivan was born. Ivan had another brother Yuri born 18 months later. The day of Ivans birth, August 25, 1530, was a joyful one. The Grand Duke ordered prison doors opened and chains of thousands of prisoners were removed and the prisoners freed. Nobles who had fallen into disgrace were pardoned. Hermits and holymen were invited into the walls of the Kremlin, and seated as honored and guests. "The cloud under which his son Ivan was born, and under which he would have to live his life, was a dark one."(Koslow, Jules). In 1553, Vasili died after a long ailment. Ivan, whom was only 3 years old at the time of his fathers death. With out a ruler boyars (advisors) took over, only to have wars and suffrage in Russia. For the next several years, the struggle continued with out out mercy on either side. Tyranny prevailed. Prisons filled. relief Anarchy supplanted oligarchy. The boyars behaved like wild beasts. "Russia was rent by contending factions, bathed in blood and ruled by barbarity."(Koslow, Jules). But with in the mist of the struggles Ivan grew up behind the fortress of the Kremlin walls. Ivan was 8 years old when his mother died. Throughout his child years, he never had a fathers hand to guild him, or a mothers love tender love. Him being an orphan was a blow that shaped his entire life. It was marked with violence and indelibly stamped his character, and future actions and thoughts. He lived his earliest years in a struggle for power, with murder, imprisonment, and torture being common. Boyars killed boyar & henchmen marched them off to prisons at swords point. When Ivan was only 12, followers of Prince Ivan Shuisky, made a midnight raid upon the Metropolitan’s quarters. Breaking down Ivan’s door, he looked around only to see fierce, armored soldiers with swords, coming to murder him. The soldiers left with out harming him. But Ivan could never get the fear of coming close to ... ...ediately baptized Maria. In 1581, Ivan killed his son Ivan, the heir to the throne, in a fit of rage. Ivan's son had his father's temper. One day, Ivan IV walked into the apartment of Ivan (the son) and started criticizing Ivan's seven month pregnant wife about her dress. Ivan was so enraged by her unacceptable dress, that he started to hit her. His son heard her screaming and ran in. He tried to stop his father. Ivan IV was so enraged with his son's actions that he took his taff and struck his son on the head, killing him. Because of his kicks and blows, Ivan's daughter-in-law also lost her child. In one day, Ivan killed the future Czar and Czarvich of Russia. Ivan was instantly remorseful about his actions, but nothing could be done. With the death of Ivan IV and his son, Fedor, a half-witted man who liked the Church and ringing bells, ruled the country. (The first son, Dmitry had died.) Because of this tragedy, after Ivan's death in 1584, the country entered a time of troubles. He had left Russia without a strong ruler. Because of the troubles after Ivan's death, some people actually wished that Ivan was still there to rule them. This is my report on Ivan the Terrible.

Developmental History Case Study Essay

Child’s Name: Rita G.Lapid Date of Interview: November 7 2007 Date of Birth: June, 20 2003 Age of child: 4 Address: 136 Bellemont St. Greenville, Manila Phone: n/a (private purposes) School: New Jerusalem School (NJS) Grade: Pre-school, Kinder-1 Teacher: Female, Mrs. Rosia Lewer Referral Information: Why are you seeking help for this child? She has delayed language development. Who referred you to our services? NJS School Pediatrician, Ms. Emelita Zobel What kind of services are you seeking? I am seeking psychological consultation for my daughter about her delayed speech problem. PRIMARY CAREGIVER/PARENT INFORMATION Father Name: Rino S. Lapid Address (if different from mother): 136 Bellemont St. Greenville, Manila Phone: n/a Employment: Civil Engineer Length of Employment: 10 years Occupation: Engineer Highest Grade Level: College Degree, MA, PhD Stepfather: n/a Primary Language: Tagalog Secondary Language: English Mother Name: Magdalene G. Lapid Address: 136 Bellemont St. Greenville, Manila Phone: n/a Employment: none Length of Employment: n/a Occupation: Housewife Highest Grade Level: College Degree Stepmother: n/a Primary Language: Tagalog Secondary Language: English Primary Caregiver With what adults does this child live? The child resides together with her parents How long in the current living situation? The child has started this state since birth. Name of Caregiver: Magdalene G. Lapid Relationship to Child: Mother Address:136 Bellemont St. Greenville, Manila Age: 31 Home Phone: n/a Work Phone: n/a Occupation: Housewife Employer: n/a How long with present employer: n/a Highest grade Completed: College degree Primary Language: Tagalog Secondary Language: English FAMILY HISTORY Please list all brothers and sisters, and any other children living with the family Age Sex Relationship to this child living at home? Rita G. Lapid ———–Female—————–4 yrs old——————- Only child CHILD CARE If primary caregiver works outside the home, please provide the following information. Who cares for this child when caregivers are gone? The caregiver is basically the child’s mother who is a housewife. If in case the mother is gone, the father or the housemaid takes care of the child. How many hours per day is this child in a child-care setting? 5 hours per day, 4 days a week How many different people care for this child? Usually the mother takes care of the child; however, if the mother is not available, the father or housemaid assumes the role. PREGNANCY Planned pregnancy? Yes Pregnancy under doctor’s care: Yes Number of previous miscarriages: n/a Check any of the following complications that occurred during the pregnancy ______Difficulty in conception ______Toxemia _______ Abnormal weight gain ______Measles Check Excessive vomiting _______German measles Check Excessive swelling Check Emotional problems Check Vaginal bleeding ______Flu ________Anemia Check High blood pressure Rh-incompatibility: n/a Maternal injury: Describe: n/a Hospitalization during pregnancy: Reason: For consultations and routine check-up purposes X-rays during pregnancy: n/a Medications used during pregnancy: n/a Alcohol used during pregnancy: no Cigarettes during pregnancy: no Other drugs used during pregnancy: n/a Paracetamol——————————–500mg————————- As needed BIRTH At this child’s birth, what was the mother’s age? 27 yrs old Fathers Age?28 yrs old Mother’s age at birth of FIRST child? 27 yrs old Was this child born in the hospital? Yes If No, where? n/a Length of pregnancy: 9 months and 5 days Birth Weight: not remembered by mother Length of Labor: n/a Apgar Score: n/a Child’s condition at birth: normal and stable Mother’s condition at birth: normal and stable Check any of the following complications that occurred during birth: ______Forceps used ______Breech Birth ______Labor Induced Check Caesarean Delivery Other Delivery Complications: n/a Incubator: No How long? n/a Jaundiced: No Bilirubin Lights? No If Yes, How Long? n/a Breathing Problems right after birth: n/a Supplemental Oxygen: No If yes, how long? n/a Was anesthesia used during delivery? Yes If yes, what kind? n/a DEVELOPMENT At what age did this child first do the following? Please indicate year/month of age. Turn Over: 4 mos. Walk down Stairs: 1- 1 and 5 mos. yr. old Sit Alone: not observed Show interest in or attraction to sound: not observed Crawl: 9 months Understand first words: 2 yrs old Sand Alone: 2 yrs old Speak first words: 3 yrs old, (da-da, ma-ma) Walk Alone: 2 yrs old Speak in sentences: n/a Walk up Stairs: 2 yrs old Was this child breast-fed? No When weaned? n/a Was this child bottle-fed? Yes When weaned? n/a When was this child toilet trained? 2 yrs old Days: vary Nights: vary Did bed wetting occur after toilet training? Yes If yes, until what age? 3 yrs. old Did bed-soling occur after toilet training? No Has this child experienced any of the following problems? If yes, please describe. Walking difficulty: No Unclear Speech: Yes My daughter’s speech is somewhat delayed. She only speaks the words ma-ma or da-da, but she still cannot forms any phrase.   In addition, she started speaking these words very late. Sleep Problem: No Feeding Problem: No Underweight Problem: No Eating Problem: No Overweight Problem: No Colic: No Difficulty learning to Ride a Bike: Yes My daughter is having a hard time riding her bicycle. She seems to play with it but not like any other kids. She just stairs on it, touches it and every time we place her on the bike, she gets disappointed. It is a bit weird to have a behavior like that. Difficulty Learning to Skip: Yes I have not seen her skipping ever since. I don’t know why. She only plays with her dolls and seems to be introvert in terms of her behavior. Difficulty Learning to Throw and Catch: Yes She does not play throw and catch. If a ball for example is thrown to her, she just looks at it and dodges it. During this child’s first four (4) years, were any special problems noted in the following areas? If yes, please describe. Eating: No Motor skills: Yes She moves less frequently and does not show any active participation in school, other children or even inside the house. She just plays with her dolls, which seems to be her only world. Sleeping too much: No Temper tantrums: No Excessive crying: No Sleeping too little: No Failure to thrive: No Separating from parents: No Which hand does this child used for writing or drawing? Right Eating? Right Has this child been forced to change writing hand? No MEDICAL HISTORY Childhood Illnesses/Injuries Please check the illnesses this child has had and indicate age, year and month Measles: No  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rheumatic fever: No German measles: No Diphtheria: No Mumps: No Meningitis: No Chicken pox: No Encephalitis: No Tuberculosis: No Anemia: No Whooping Cough: No Fever above 1040: No Scarlet Fever: No Broken bone: No Head injury: No Sustained high fever: No Coma or any loss of consciousness: No Illness/Operations Has this child ever been on any medication for six months or more? No Please indicate whether this child currently has any of the following problems. Respiratory Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal ______Frequent colds  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­_______Shortness of breath _______Excessive vomiting ____Chronic cough ___Dizziness with physical exertion _____Frequent diarrhea ________Asthma ________Activity limited due to heart _______Constipation ______ Hay fever ________Condition ______Stomach pain ______Sinus condition ______Heart murmur Genitourinary Musculosketetal Neurological Check Urination in pants/bed _______Muscle pain ______Seizures/convulsions ______Pain while urinating ________Clumsy walk Check Speech defects ______ Excessive urination Check Poor posture _______Bites nails ______Strong odor to urine _______ Other muscle problems _____Sucks thumb ______Tics/twitches______ Bangs head Check Rocks back and forth Allergies Skin ________Allergy to medicine 0Frequent rashes ________Allergy to Food 0Bruises easily ________Bowel movements in other allergies _____ Sores _____ Pants/bed _____Severe acne _____ Itchy skin (Eczema) Speech Hearing Vision ______Stuttering ______ Ear infections ______ Vision problems Check Unclear speech ______ Hearing problems ______ Glasses/contacts Delayed speech Other speech problems _______Ear tubes Date of most recent speech exam: August 20, 2007 Date of most recent hearing exam: n/a Date of most recent vision exam: n/a MEDICAL CARE Child’s Physician: Emilta Zobel How often does child see doctor? My daughter is having her check-up twice every 6 months since last year. Is this child currently on medication? No Has this child ever been physically or sexually abused or neglected? No Has this child ever had psychological counseling or therapy? No Has this child ever had a neurological exam? No Has this child ever had a psychological or psychiatric exam? No Developmental Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting out with the brief background, the client is the only child of the couple with one housemaid living together in the capital city of Manila. The child, having the primary concern of language development delays, has been recommended by the school pediatrician for a psychological consultation. The primary breadwinner of the family is the father who is actually a civil engineer, while the mother resides solely in the house as the housewife. The care of the child is distributed among the three individuals in the house; however, the primary care is given by the mother herself. The child is studying in a private school, NJS, in a kinder-1 preschool level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the initial statement mentioned by the mother, the child is said to be having delayed speech problem; however, other fields of child development are normal in the case of the child. Upon assessment of care delivery, it has been concluded that the child receives specific parental attention of the mother in the child’s earliest years. The care of the child is subjected to three important personas with housemaid as the last option of care facilitator. In such case, we can conclude that the care needed by the child is adequately provided by appropriate significant individuals. There have been no conception anomalies noted in the assessment phase; hence, clinical or congenital contributors are most likely negative in terms of child condition effect. However, the mother has had excessive swelling, emotional problems due to personal reasons, slight vaginal bleeding noted and occurrence of high blood pressure. Some of these signs and symptoms are most commonly associated with pre-eclamptic effect (Erickson, 2005 p.23), although the mother has not indicated any possible diagnosis of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language development can be affected by drug intake during period of pregnancy especially during times of critical brain development particularly during the 1st quarter of the pregnancy (Johnson & Eviritt, 2000 p.216); however, the only medicine that has been noted is Paracetamol, which apparently is not anymore significant since the intake is only during times of fever. In addition, the pregnancy has not suffered any significant medical difficulties aside from the following mentioned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyzing now the developmental features of the child, the speech developmental delays are the evident features of the child. The child has spoken her first words at the age of 3 yrs old, which is supposed to be less than one year old. Moreover, the child has not spoken any complete phrase, but only baby-talk words, da-da or ma-ma. The mother mentioned that the child speaks less frequently, which is contrary to the normal language development of a child that is, supposedly, speaking more than 2000 words at the age of one (Philipps & Guilherme, 2004 p.12). During the assessment of the cues that might participate in the relationship of such effect, other behavioral alterations are observed. The child manifests inappropriate introvert behaviors that are usually found in some delayed psychological and/ or mental impaired condition. The child is having difficulties riding bicycle as well as skipping; however, the problem, basically, is not due to motor impairments but rather due to substantial cognitive and psychological in the essence. Other associated problems are not evident in the child, especially physical in origin. Another manifesting deviation on the child’s behavior is primarily related on her social character. The child enters school with other kids; however, as stated by the mother, the child possesses an isolative behavior that tends to remove her attention towards mingling with other kinds. Instead, the child focuses imaginative play in an object, particularly her doll. If we analyzed the given statement in terms of part records, the child has never had any negative experiences in the past, such as trauma, rape or accident, which may have caused this certain behavior. The client has never had any physical impairment or a disease that may have contributes to this psychological manifestations. Moreover, the child is not into medication, treatment procedures or psychological supervision that aims to take hold of the situation. In fact, this is the first time that the child is having her psychological assessment; however, she has had initial check-ups that resulted to referral for psychological examination. In addition to the client’s assessment, she also possesses poor postural features noted on her back, and urination in bed, although this has been alleviated just recently through trainings. Moreover, the client has manifested enigmatic behavior such as rocking back and forth with less perception on her environment. Discussing now possible disorder pathology, the case of the patient has wide range of possibilities in terms of disorder development. The following two conditions are the closest; however, still requires further validation and assessment of the client features. The first is the possibility of Asperser’s Syndrome progression, which is primarily evident due to her poor social capacity, delayed language progression and imaginative play with enigmatic behavioral flaws. Second, is language development delay, which involves the primary concern of the patient that is speech delay. In the analysis of possible Asperger’s syndrome development, the patient involves the primary signs of the condition such as the impairments in language, social participations and imaginative play. However, the only validated impairment is the speech delay. Other impairments are resulted by the parental observation, which apparently, still requires further assessment on the child. The child may exhibit these behaviors as due to situational causation, which happens to be unfamiliar with the parents, or a behavioral altering family situation that displaces the normal behavior of the child. This may be difficult to diagnose as of now since, the case of the child does not support the major and specific behaviors associated with the condition. Although if the child progresses in this type of developmental pattern, she may acquire maladaptive behavior such as introversion, social self-degradation, self-infliction, and worst of all, further progression towards Asperger’s condition. In terms of language development delay, the child maybe be evidently having such developmental deficit; however, other symptoms are contradicting the statement, since behavioral isolation is not present if the case is solely language development problem. However, the possibility is still there that the child is just experiencing this development lag, and with further trainings, can help improve language development. The following implications are based on critical interpretation and analysis of the gathered data from the psychological assessment history taking. It does not, however, conclude that the client possess the featured conditions. Although, this are the possibilities that may incur to the child if behavioral patterns progress. References Erickson, T. (2005). Pediatric Toxicology: Diagnosis and Management of the Poisoned Child. McGraw-Hill Professional. Johnson, M., & Eviritt, M. J. (2000). Essentials in Reproduction. Blackwell Publishing. Philipps, A. M., & Guilherme, M. (2004). Critical Pedagogy: Political Approaches to Language and Intercultural Development. Multilingual Matters.

Quantitative Analysis - 838 Words

Linear Programming D.V. – Decision Variables O.F. – Objective Funtion S.T. or CONST - Constraints Constrained Mathematical Model – a model with an objective and one or more constraints EXAMPLE: 50D + 30C + 6M is the total profit for a production run($50 profit for Desk, $30 profit for Chair and $6 per pound for steel) Functional Constraints - ≠¤ ≠¥ or = --Restrictions that involve expressions with 1 or more variables EXAMPLE: 7d+3c+1.5M = 2000 (constraint on raw steel) Variable Constraints – Involve only 1 variable – Nonnegativity Constraint - X≠¥0 Lower Bound Constraint - X≠¥L(a number other than 0) Upper Bound Constraint - X≠¤U Interger Constraint - X=integer Binary Constraint - X=0 or 1 EXAMPLE FROM HOMEWORK 1 of Constraints†¦show more content†¦Slope: the amount X2 increases given one unit increase of X1 Intercept: the point where the line intersects with X2 axis. Use above for Slope – great formula Redundant Constraints – if removed will not affect the feasible region Feasible Region – The set of all points that satisfy all constraints of the model HW EXAMPLE Apply Graphical analysis on the Golden ElectronicsShow MoreRelatedQuantitative Analysis2041 Words   |  9 Pagesociety’s Use of Quantitative Models Serita A Riggens MSA 640 Quantitative Applications in Decision-Making Central Michigan University Instructor: Dr. Howard E Van Auken August 11, 2010 Society’s use of Quantitative Methods The use of quantitative models in real-world decision making is a practice that has become the norm in society. Decision makers have searched continually for ways to reduce or eliminate the uncertainties in the decision making process. For decadesRead MoreAnalysis : Quantitative Meta Analysis889 Words   |  4 PagesMeta-Analysis Articles The quantitative meta-analysis demonstrated careful attention to many aspects of study validity. Their systematic review methods followed the frameworks of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidance for undertaking review in health care (Westwood et al., 2015). Two reviewers independently screened all of the abstracts identified by searches. These strategies reduce the threats to validity. The reliability was achieved through rigorous investigation of possible sourceRead MoreQuantitative Data Analysis And Results902 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER FOUR QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The main purpose of this chapter is to answer the research questions of the quantitative phase of this mixed methods study by providing a detailed analysis and description of the results for each question. The analysis of this study is based on Schmitt’s (1997) theoretical framework of vocabulary learning strategies, which is divided into two broad groups: discovery strategies and consolidation strategies. The former are used to find the meaningRead MoreAnalysis Of A Quantitative Research Article Essay1908 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of a Quantitative Research Article Introduction â€Å"My PICOT statement was: â€Å"In elderly hospitalized patients 60 years of age and above, do specific fall prevention interventions, as compared to standard care, reduce the amount of falls in an inpatient setting, during their hospitalization?† For this paper I will be reviewing a quantitative research article based around my PICOT on fall risk within the hospital setting. Patient falls within the hospital setting are a nursing-sensitive qualityRead More Quantitative and Qualitative Article Analysis Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this paper I will analyze two articles, one is quantitative and the other is qualitative. I will describe the quantitative methods used including the research question addressed, the hypothesis, and variables. I will identify the population and sample. I will discuss the reliability and validity of the instruments used. I will then discuss the design of the article and how the findings were analyzed. For the qualitative article, I will identify the design of the article, the methodsRead MoreThe Analysis Of Qualitative And Quantitative Data Of Your Website Essay2471 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The analysis of qualitative and quantitative data of your website and your competition to drive continuous improvement about your digital presence your customer needs and prospects which translates into fabulous desired outcomes both online and offline for your business that’s more of formal definition of web analytics.† - Avinash Kaushik Author, Digital Marketing Evangelist Web analytics is not about just logging into google analytics, Facebook insights, adobe web trends or IBM and analyzing allRead MoreQuantitative Vs. Qualitative : A Comparative Analysis Of Research Methods Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative vs. Qualitative: A Comparative Analysis of Research Methods Engaging in a research project can be a frightening and intimidating task for anyone. However, Polansky and Waller (2015) provide a six-step process that is designed to simplify the research process by alleviating anxiety and ensuring that the researcher is able to complete the project in a timely manner. The first step is defining the problem so that it is clearly understood. Once there is clarity on what needs to be doneRead MoreQuantitative Determination of Sulphate By Gravimetric Analysis1637 Words   |  7 PagesANALYTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY ( CP4001) EXPERIMENT 4: QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE BY GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS FORMAL REPORT NAME: CHIA KOK SIONG ADMIN NO: 1027325 CLASS: DFST/FT/2B/21 ï ¿ ½ SYNOPSIS The objective of this experiment is to determine the amount of sulphate by gravimetric analysis. The amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate, BaSO4, by gravimetric analysis. For the experiment, a dilute solution of barium chloride was slowly added to a hot unknownRead MoreIntroduction. Predictive Analytics Is Quantitative Analysis1371 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Predictive Analytics is quantitative analysis to support predictions. Predictions of for example - product sales, costs, headcount, metrics; customer churn; credit scoring; cross sell / up sell opportunities; market campaign response; anomalies, fraud. SAP Predictive Analytics is business intelligence software from SAP that is designed to enable organizations to analyze large data sets and predict future outcomes and behaviors. For example, SAP Predictive Analytics can help make senseRead MoreQuantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis1582 Words   |  7 PagesCP4001: ANALYTICAL amp; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY | | Formal Report of the Quantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis (Experiment 4) | Maryjo Lee Wei Min 1111107 DBS/FT/1A/01 | (A) Synopsis The amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate by gravimetric analysis. This determination consists of slowly adding a dilute solution of barium chloride to a hot, unknown sulphate solution which is slightly acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. A white