Health Care and Intellectual Property Laws Essay

Health Care and Intellectual Property Laws - Essay Example In a knowledge economy where knowledge is considered private property and is thus deserving of full protection under the law, Intellectual Property laws play a fundamental role in ensuring stability and predictability. However, it has been suggested that these laws undermine public health by tending to put the cost of essential medicines far beyond the reach of those who desperately need it most. Intellectual property ownership is a relatively new concept of ownership with staggering social implications. For large pharmaceutical companies investing billions of dollars to continually develop new medicines against diseases, it provides the necessary incentives in the form of patents to provide wider latitude in the development, promotion, and distribution of new drugs to recoup their investments and earn significant revenues for years of research and hard work. It also serves as an incentive for pharmaceutical companies to develop new products for the prevention or treatment of common as well as dreaded diseases. But for low-income countries struggling to provide basic healthcare services and affordable drugs to their citizens, intellectual property is an onerous imposition that threatens to wreck lives in the wake of killer diseases. The law on intellectual property rights allows pharmaceutical companies unrestricted rights to manufacture and distribute medicines at prices they command. Recent free trade agreements have extended extremely generous patent rights to multinational pharmaceutical companies, and have limited access to generic equivalent drugs. Analysis The first level of analysis is to ask whether or not it is actually necessary to prioritize patients' rights, and if the current system has indeed been inadequate in arresting the problem. Without access to the drugs in the treatment of HIV, for example, to combat the spread of the dreaded disease, people from many countries in Africa experiencing an HIV/AIDS pandemic will die in record number. AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. According to current estimates, HIV is set to infect 90 million people in Africa, providing an enormous market for an anti-HIV medicine. There is currently no vaccine or cure for HIV or AIDS. The only known method of prevention is avoiding exposure to the virus. However, an antiretroviral treatment, known as post-exposure prophylaxis is believed to reduce the risk of infection if begun directly after exposure. Current treatment for HIV infection consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, an expensive procedure that many poor countries in Africa are forced to take. The second level of analysis is whether or not pharmaceutical drug companies can afford to take the pay cuts. It has been argued many times over that these drug companies need the money to innovate and to develop new techniques and new formulations. The evidence, however, militates against this. According to a paper written by Oxfam International: In 2000, for example, the ten biggest companies in the US spent more than twice as much on marketing and administration (34%) than on R&D (14%). Pfizer spent $22.2 billion on dividends and share buybacks in 2003 and the first half of 2004, over twice the amount spent on research. Merck returned $7.3 billion,

NLP Research Papers and Applications

NLP Research Papers and ApplicationsA world without NLP research papers, whether or not they are 'warped' can be a lovely thought. But in reality, this would not be the case. At all.There are so many ways that NLP research papers affect the course of NLP practice. And I want to highlight just a few. They include:A. Provide feedback to practitioners and models. This means that they have a definite impact on what is said and done. If they are positive, then a good thing; if they are negative, then it is an even worse thing. To take an example, there are a lot of research papers that discuss the important issue of modeling, and how to model others.B. Another impact of research papers is that they are great for increasing understanding. In fact, some NLP research papers have even demonstrated that understanding has increased. One recent example is the first (unpublished) NLP research paper that discussed 'understanding.' It talks about what makes others feel like they are being listened to and what these feelings are like and points out that the task of understanding others must always be followed by understanding yourself.C. Research papers can even, in part, be beneficial to the practitioner. For example, some NLP research papers provide information about various models, techniques, and training that practitioners can use to further their understanding.D. Finally, when we discuss NLP research papers, we need to also consider what this research implies for practitioners. For example, a number of NLP research papers point out some of the kinds of distortions that occur in practices and suggest ways to lessen these distortions. To me, this means that practitioners should be more careful in how they look at themselves and others and take more care that their interpretations of their actions are based on sound reasoning.I believe this is true in both areas, research papers and practice. As you can see, NLP research papers have both the potential to be wonderful and to be damaging.

Dirty Facts About Ielts General Essay Topics Revealed

Dirty Facts About Ielts General Essay Topics Revealed Whatever They Told You About Ielts General Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why In the written portion of the IELTS exam, you'll need to demonstrate your vocabulary's rich. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is an excellent means that will help you to get ready for the test. The IELTS essayAKA IELTS Writing Task 2is the most trustworthy portion of the exam. In all portions of the IELTS exam, you should try and demonstrate that you've got a wide understanding of English vocabulary, make certain that you write with correct spelling and steer clear of silly little grammar mistakes. Setting goals will let you know what exactly you're doing to increase exam outcomes. It can be overwhelming attempting to teach IELTS when you haven't any book to follow. Short answers lose marks, but there aren't any additional marks for extended answers. If you're going to succeed in the IELTS test you have to be using and exposing yourself to English everyday. In addition, the literature of different countries exposes students to a number of unique cultures, so studying it helps broaden their knowledge about other portions of the world. Other folks believe it's up to each person to be environmentally responsible. You need to generate ideas during the test and produce examples from your own wisdom and experience. If you're teaching a person or small group, you may have to teach the things that they would like you to teach. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Ielts General Essay Topics Is Wrong Knowing the most frequent IELTS essay topics enables you to center on th e main vocabulary. It is very important to note an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly regarding the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. To get ready for the ACADEMIC WRITING TASK 2 you must analyze and brainstorm different essay topics in order to have a reach of ideas on IELTS type questions. You can also see essay examples. Although there's a consistent essay formula that will assist you to structure your essay and paragraphs, you want to be careful of the various varieties of essay questions there are. If you're reading an English newspaper, start looking for articles on the usual topics and highlight any superior vocabulary. The endeavor is a direct questions essay that is quite typical in IELTS. There are two major means by which you can use the most frequent IELTS essay topics to your benefit. Choose a topic that you think will inspire debate. The questions may also supply you with a nation, which is the point where the individual who posted it took the test. It is very important to be aware that it doesn't matter what your opinion is! Now you have given your opinion, you have to back this up. The Ultimate Ielts General Essay Topics Trick Moreover, it is essential that environmental issues are treated internationally. Before starting to compose your answer, you ought to think of 1-2 problem s and 1-2 solutions, which means you know what things to write about. In summary, environmental problems ought to be handled by local and worldwide authorities and individuals. Attempting to use a single remedy to fix a significant problem like productivity may not get the job done very well. You may set long term and short-term goals. Essay Question Art is considered an important portion of a society along with an expression of its culture. There are many countries that spend money on advertising and marketing because they've realized the significance of making a new supply of revenue. Shopping is currently a popular pastime for many young folks. Certainly, money has an important role in our lives. Certainly, it is an important part in our lives. New Step by Step Roadmap for Ielts General Essay Topics A specific set of goals should be accomplished within a specific period of time or else it isn't of any use. You've got to set a good deal of short-term goals to attain your long-term objective. Longer holidays have benefits in addition to drawbacks which ought to be evaluated carefully.

Understanding What Should You Write about for College Essay

Understanding What Should You Write about for College Essay Many college applicants make the error of attempting to incorporate all their accomplishments and activities in their application essays. When writing a scholarship application, it's vital to accentuate how you're able to add to the college you're aiming for. Explain your commitments, and you are going to be the type of student colleges find immensely attractive. At the end of the day, they want to accept someone who is going to graduate, be successful in the world and have the university associated. All About What Should You Write about for College Essay Today's tips concentrate on the personal essay. The next thing to do is to go through your thoughts and determine which one is going to result in the strongest essay. Before you begin editing, set your essay aside for an about a week. A Startling Fact about What Should You Write about for College Essay Uncovered The more time you've got to compose a paper, the b etter it is going to be. Apparently, you don't wish to babble, but I mean write about just 1 subject at one time. To start with, you ought to start early. Be funny only as long as you think you've got to. After that, examine the essay again, line by line, checking every word to ensure that it's accurate. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you really feel like writing from a college that might not be your first alternative. Next, you will determine the way to create an intriguing essay that shows off your special perspective and write a number of drafts as a way to hone your structure and language. Check to be certain you've taken into account any particular guidelines. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate details. If you opted to order your application essay on the internet, you would have no difficulties with the topic choice. Where to Find What Should You Write about for College Essay Furthermore, to craft your thesis statement s hould have the ability to single out what you're writing. If you attempt to take on an extremely extensive subject, you are going to wind up with a lot of general statements and boring lists of your accomplishments. Keep in mind your deadlines and don't forget that a few schools may require more than 1 essay or request small paragraphs as well as the principal personal statement. The essay that's full of bad puns or off-color jokes will often wind up in the rejection pile. Colleges are not searching for perfect individuals. Also, bear in mind that numerous men and women, even teachers, might not be familiarized with what colleges search for in an essay. Students know the way to be creative. Most students respond that manner. The Awful Side of What Should You Write about for College Essay Your academic success is something which really matters, and thus don't lose your opportunity to step onto the path to success with us! At the close of the day, colleges wish to accept someo ne who's going to graduate, be prosperous in the world and have the university connected with that success. Also, keep in mind that no college is eager to admit a person who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. When you're finished writing, you want to make sure your essay still adheres to the prompt. My essay was all around the place. The essay should be personal. If that's the case, your essay wants a title. One of the absolute most troublesome things in writing essays is finding a very good title. Occasionally it is hard because you own a lot of stories tripping over one another to get onto the webpage. If you have decided on a brief story, and forced. Don't forget, a great essay like every great story ought to have a start, middle and end. What's Really Going on with What Should You Write about for College Essay You're the sole person with your specific blend of personal qualities, beliefs, values, and experiences, and therefore you don't will need to lie or exaggerate to create your essay unique. The essay is where to permit the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and techniques that aren't on your transcript. The essays function as a glimpse into how your mind works, how you see the world and offers perspective. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are rather interested in how you are going to handle the subsequent four years by yourself. The One Thing to Do for What Should You Write about for College Essay Now you have a solid working draft, it's time to acquire input. However much you might wish to be done after writing a very first draft you must take some time to edit. Perhaps you feel more comfortable sitting down and writing the entire draft from beginning to finish in 1 go. The trick to writing your very first draft isn't to be worried about whether it's any good just get something on paper and go from that point. Introducing What Should You Write about for College Essay By avoiding the topics listed previously'll guarantee your essay helps instead of hurts your likelihood of admission. Have a look at our article on the most frequently made mistakes in college essays for more tips to make sure your essay reads well. Deciding on an intriguing topic provides you with an opportunity to pull in the teacher's attention and generate a college essay that will stick out from the sea of different papers. Be sure your college essay consists of correct citations and references. If a college states the essay is optional, you still ought to send one. Nowadays you know what things to write about in a college essay and are prepared to do it! Because the college essay isn't the identical sort of essay that you write for your high school English teacher, it doesn't need to have the common essay introduction, which gives you a thesis statement.

Class Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Class Research methods - Essay Example Bullying in early life is often the beginning of bullying in the future adult social life, and once it begins, the bully and victim, both are never the same. Bullying is a problem in our schools and hence in the society. Despite extensive research, no acceptable solution to the problem of bullying is not yet available. The consequences of bullying have been well documented in the research, and these findings suggest that bullying as an event has concrete psychosocial parameters. Therefore, intervention can be designed guided by these evidences to change this practice of bullying in schools from a social intervention strategy. Greif, Furlong, and Morrison (2003) define bullying as the systematic abuse of power. Greif and coworkers deals with the topic by operationally defining bullying, and according to them, there will always be power relationships in social groups, by virtue of strength or size or ability, force of personality, and/or by sheer numbers or recognised hierarchy (Greif, Furlong, and Morrison, 2003). Bullying is a psychosocial phenomenon in the sense that it has both psychological and social reasons and psychological and social impacts. Despite different intervention measures, still bullying in early life is prevalent which can be the starting points of future bullying in the society. Therefore, there remains scope for further studies in this area, and this can be the topic of this social research since knowledge about the factors may help the scientists to design interventions that may prevent this. Why it is worth Studying Qualitative researchers usually focus on an aspect of a topic that is poorly understood and about which little is known. The general topic area may be narrowed and clarified on the basis of self-reflection and discussion with colleagues, but researchers may proceed with a fairly broad research question that allows the focus to be sharpened and delineated more clearly once the study is underway (Kumar, 1999). Since the best way to prevent is to know why bullying occurs at the school level, this research may throw light into the different facets of this problem. In this regard, a theoretical framework of social change would best be adopted, since that would guide the intervention and would serve as a tool to evaluate the intervention. In this theoretical framework, there is an attempt to interpret the human behavior on the perspectives of social process and pragmatism. Thus all human behavior is actually an expression of interactions leading to a social process, and all of them have su bjective meanings. Bullying has subjective aspects of social life, both from the perspectives of the bully and the bullied, and they fail to respond to the objective macrostructural aspects of the social life. Drawing on this, it can be stated that social and psychosocial initiatives can bring about a change in the behavior of those who bully and change in psychological and social reactions in those who are bullied. Qualitative findings often are the basis for formulating hypotheses that are tested by quantitative researchers, and for developing measuring instruments for both research and clinical purposes. Qualitative findings can also provide a foundation for designing effective nursing interventions. Qualitative studies help to shape the researchers' perceptions of a