Increasing Violence Amongst Youth - 1420 Words

Youth violence is an increasing concern in our society. Violence, as defined in Websters online dictionary, is an intense, turbulent or furious and often destructive action or exertion of (physical) force so as to injure or abuse. There is a growing perception that there is a steady rise in violence amongst todays youth, and with this increased attention, comes many sources of blame for their actions, however, all but one are simply excuses. There is a lack of hard evidence to support the supposed increase in youth violence (www.eurowrc.org .) Since violence is subject to interpretation, it is a hard thing to measure. Although, it is for sure that sex and violence have always been a part of humankind. Freud discussed this over†¦show more content†¦Others blame the internet. 82% of Americans (Im sure Canadians can relate) surveyed blaming the Internet at least partly for the Colorado killings, (Moore, Charles). However, the internet should be treated the same as the ot her sources of entertainment. Parents need to monitor their childrens activities on the internet and should limit their exposure time. Parents need to teach their children that virtual freedom on the internet does not work in the outside world. There are rules to follow and morals not to be toyed with. The availability of drugs, alcohol and guns is also being blamed. However, even if guns have become more available, drugs and alcohol have been common for a lot longer than youth violence has been considered a big problem. Again, its the parents responsibility to monitor their children and to educate them on the dangers of drugs and guns. Children should not have the desire to seek such things. The school system, the churches, political leaders and even advertising companies have also been blamed at one point or another for this supposed outbreak in youth violence. However, these violent incidents are a reflection on the parents. Adults and peers who witness cruel and cynical behaviors toward others and take no action are part ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic messages and video images of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on social behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. In this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostile thoughts and feelings amongst its audience. In the music videoRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public H ealth Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a violent crime (public health policy paper). We are failing to fix the infrastructureRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration Rates Among African American Males1339 Words   |  6 Pagesearlier ages as time progresses. The term delinquent speaks of two or more youths, typically amongst the ages of ten and seventeen years old, who are involved in doings well-defined as illegal. The study of juvenile delinquents in inner city Chicago have been studied for many years and the rates continue to sky rock et as juveniles are being locked down by the justice system. Cases of violence amongst juveniles has been increasing rapidly in the past 20 years, juveniles are now linked to severer crimesRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Youth And More898 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Violence In Media on Youth and More For many years there have been links to how violence in media has been glorified as something harmless and normal especially dealing with music, video games, and social media. Often the disbelief of how violence in media cannot affect the brain is under looked but studies have shown otherwise. Indiana University School of medicine has linked visible alterations MRI brain scans for those who have played violent video games for about a week. In thisRead MoreViolence And Crime Plagues Societies Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesViolence and crime plagues societies all over the world. It is an issue that almost all communities suffer from. I believe that we can use Geography to help come up with solution to reduce the rate of crime across the United States and other countries all over the world. In this paper, I’m going to discuss the problems with crime we face in this country, the damage that crime can do to a society, and the multiple different ways we can use geography to bring down the rate of crime and violence. UsingRead MoreYoung Blood, Rising Sun : An Epidemic Of Youth Violence1309 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Blood, Rising Sun: An Epidemic of Youth Violence in Japan Since the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, the Japanese national economy has seen tremendous economic growth, led by industrial mavens such as Mitsubishi, Honda, and Sony. This growth can only be contributed to the Japanese workforce: Well-disciplined, group-focused, and willing to sacrifice everything for success, all stereotypical of the Japanese society. However, with newer generations of Japanese growing up with more western-styleRead MoreHomelessness In Canada Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pagesstreets or put themselves on the streets, because they feel it would be a better fit. Homelessness in Canada is a very large and concerning issue because of the growing population. We need to ask our selves what causes homelessness, why are so many youth involved with homelessness and what can we change so that the homelessness problem in Canada lessens? Many people put the issue of homelessness aside because there are many programs that people can go to so that they can get help but not all peopleRead MoreThe Lolita Effect On Children s Health Network1275 Words   |  6 Pagesabuse, and in boys, has been shown linked with violence (Keating). These all have devastating consequences on individuals as well as on Western society as a whole. With less and less clothing becoming more and more prominent in Western culture, by the media, it seems even children are picking up on this trend. This phenomenon, the â€Å"Lolita Effect† leads to: trafficking and exploitation, mental illness, and suicidal thoughts and actions, pregnancy in youth, and the objectification of women. The phenomenonRead MoreHow Self Regulation Impacts Resilience1378 Words   |  6 Pagesinterventions. Socioeconomic Status Buckner, J. C., Mezzacappa, E., Beardslee, W. R. (2003). Characteristics of resilient youths living in poverty: The role of self-regulatory processes. Development and psychopathology, 15(01), 139-162. This article is a cross-sectional study that examines the extent to which self-regulatory skills occur in resilient versus non-resilient youth. Along with the cross-sectional method, the study also has a person-focused approach allowing for a more holistic approachRead MoreThe Hunger Games And Lord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1419 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurs when youths are isolated from the rest of society. Occurring in dystopian realities, groups of youths are left stranded in a designated, isolated area with dangerous and impenetrable boundaries. Without the presence of rules or authority, many characters in both novels must make changes to their moral compasses in order to survive. Immediately, characters from both novels cling to one another for survival, forming alliances, and ideals between opposing alliances cause conflict amongst numerous

Themes Of A Painted House By John Grisham - 1680 Words

Themes in A Painted House A Painted House by John Grisham is a coming of age novel written in the perspective of a 7- year-old boy named Luke Chandler. The book takes place in rural Arkansas and it tells the tale of a boy whose childhood is scarred by the traumatizing events he witnesses as a child. In the novel, Luke witnesses murder, true love and fear of death, all of which force him to grow up and mature into a man. The themes in A Painted House are secrets and secret lives, family and coming of age. One theme in A Painted House is the theme of secrets and secret lives. Luke keeps secrets from his parents many times in the book and this means that they do not know what Luke has seen and done. They have little knowledge of the†¦show more content†¦There was a faint ringing in my wars. The world was moving slower. I just wanted a place to hide. ‘Nothin’,’ I said. Even my voice was different –low and scratchy. ‘You still tired?’ †˜Yes ma’am’ And I’d be tired for a month if it kept me out of the fields and away from Cowboy.† (p. 337-338) Instead of doing the right thing and immediately report Cowboy’s crime, Luke decides to keep Cowboy’s crime a secret because he fears that Cowboy will harm him and his family if he exposes him. Luke keeping Cowboy’s crime a secret also means that no one but Luke knows that Cowboy is a killer, suggesting the theme of secret lives. The moments where Luke keeps secrets from his family Another theme in A Painted House is the theme of family. Luke has a strong and close relationship with his family and he shows it when he demonstrates how much he cares about them. One member in his family that he especially cares about is Ricky, his uncle who is fighting in Korea. Luke often worries that his brother will not come home alive and often spends times in his brother’s room, waiting for the day he arrives home safely. â€Å"What if he didn’t come home? It was the question I tortured myself with every night. I thought about him dying until I cried. I didn’t want his bed. I didn’t want his room. I wanted Ricky home, so we could run bases in the front yard and throw baseballs against the barn and fish in the St. Francis. He was really more of a big brotherShow MoreRelatedA Painted House Vocabulary1687 Words   |  7 PagesA Painted House John Grisham Aja Fitzgerald Ament Period 1 VOCABULARY Chapters 1-11 1. Scrutinized(9)- to examine in detail with attention. 2. Oscillate(33)- to vibrate. 3. Ominous(41)- threatening. 4. Imperative(41)- unavoidable. 5. Uncanny(47)- beyond the ordinary. 6. Concoction(51)- mixture, blend. 7. Impediment(53)- a speech disorder. 8. Inadvertently(63)- unintentional. 9. Jurisdiction(66)- control. 10. Gaunt(67)- extremely thin. 11. Quota(71)- ones share of a total amount. 12. Penchant(75)-Read MoreCase Study on Sears Essay9006 Words   |  37 PagesThe company diversified into financial services in the early 1980s, acquiring the Dean Witter brokerage and realtor Coldwell Banker. The aim of the purchases was to create a giant supermarket of both goods and services, so that consumers could buy a house, finance it, insure it, and stock it with furniture -- all under the same roof. Wall Street referred to the diversification as a stocks and socks strategy. The financial services performed superbly -- improving the companys earnings from 1984

The Analytical Versus Holistic Approach Of Leadership Essay

Introduction In general, we are familiar with the quote managers do things right while leaders do the right things. In essence, the analytical versus the holistic approach of leadership addresses these two separate and distinct functions within an organization. For instance, a manager focuses on the daily operations of an organization with an emphasis on team delivery, budgeting, and supervising the employees. Contrarily, leaders within an organization focus their time on improvements and innovation. In particular, leaders can perform this function since they are not culpable for routine tasks and mired in the minutia. As a result, there is a misnomer that managers are leaders and leaders remain managers, but they are not exclusive. Therefore, being a manager and a leader requires different abilities and dispositions. Briefly, managers and leaders retain similar qualities such as an ability to motivate and influence individuals to work towards the same organizational goals. Optimally, those leading an organization will possess management skills and leadership to aid in making improvements and decisions. Therefore, organizations require exceptional guidance and the espoused leadership philosophy regarded as most effective is holistic leadership. In order to achieve their goals and visions, organizations should utilize holistic leadership to be efficient. In the past, academic literature focused on the analytical leadership approach. While still productive andShow MoreRelatedThe Analytical Versus Holistic Approach Of Leadership Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesOverview In general, we are familiar with the quote managers do things right while leaders do the right things. In essence, the analytical versus the holistic approach of leadership addresses these two separate and distinct functions within an organization. For instance, a manager focuses on the daily operations of an organization with an emphasis on team delivery, budgeting, and supervising the employees. Contrarily, leaders within an organization focus their time on improvements and innovationRead MoreLiterature Review of Organizational Change, 2000 to 20083057 Words   |  13 PagesSelf, Thal Lo 2002). Many authors concur that the prime task of leaders is to bring about change and that leadership and change management are indeed inextricably linked (Burnes 2003, Stoker 2006, Maurer 2008). Robinson and Harvey (2008) maintain that the acceleration of globalisation has resulted in a tumultuous state of change as organisations struggle to adapt to new models of leadership. Consequently, few would dispute that with such increasing globalisation, deregulation, rapid pace of technologyRead MoreApplication of an Analytical Tool Box Design2236 Words   |  9 PagesIn this report, the aim is to provide company A with an analytical tool box design for achieving this match between research and product development. The final goal of the tools will be to encourage an imaginative climate in Company A which will increase the company’s profit margins in the long run. The report will adjust the normal technical pattern of problem identification through scanning, strategy/implementation and learning. At each stage of the report, the important set of tools will be analyzeRead MoreHow Personality Predicts Employee Performance1857 Words   |  8 Pagesperformance of an employee. Contextual performance refers to voluntary actions which are initiated to advance the interests of the organization. Contextual behaviors include keeping a positive approach, obeying rules and regu lations, politeness, loyalty, voluntarily work etc. Employees having Conscientiousness approach follow directions, are regular and stay far from engaging in unethical actions. Agreeable employees are supportive and caring towards their colleagues; however those employees which scoreRead MoreStrategic Innovation8306 Words   |  34 Pagesinnovation-point.com Page 1 A Framework for Strategic Innovation Table of Contents 1. 1.1. 1.2. THE ART AND DISCIPLINE OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION ............. 3 Traditional strategy versus Strategic Innovation ................................................................. 4 Serendipitous versus Strategic Innovation............................................................................ 4 2. 2.1. THE SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION............... 5 A Managed InnovationRead MoreGlobal Human Capital Management Trends4491 Words   |  18 Pagesprofitable company but with the globalization of culture and the marketplace, due in part to the technology growth and the internet, they cannot successfully work with an outdated human resource system. The casinos have had a transactional style of leadership; believing that the primary purpose of a subordinate is to do their jobs, create clear work requirements, and expect the job to be done without question and immediately. The leaders have a realist view of thinking and use their expertise as theirRead MoreStarbucks Business Plan31663 Words   |  127 PagesIntroduction – what is Starbucks? 10 2.1 Subject field 11 2.2 Problem and problem formulation 11 2.3 Project design 12 3 Methodology and theory of science 14 3.1.1 Three methodological views of Arbnor and Bjerke 14 3.1.1.1 The analytical view 15 3.1.1.2 The systems view 17 3.1.1.3 The actors view 19 3.1.2 Four sociological paradigms of Burrell and Morgan 21 3.1.3 Functionalist paradigm 22 3.1.4 Interpretive paradigm 23 3.1.5 Radical humanist paradigm 23 3.1Read MoreManaging for the Future Organizational Behavior Processes7280 Words   |  30 Pagesselect the modules you want and we will provide an ISBN to you that will be unique to your custom Ancona text. Each custom order includes, at no additional cost, a short introduction to Managing for the Future, which lays out the texts basic analytical frameworks and varied goals for the course. ATTN: Custom Database Order Coordinator DATE: _ FAX: 800.270.3310 # of PAGES: _ o Please call me with the ISBN o Please e-mail me the ISBN Instructor Name _ School _ Address _ Telephone # _ Read MoreQualitative Research Methods Essay13327 Words   |  54 Pagesis on women in leadership, the objective of this research is to evaluate case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. In effort to better understand the challenges women in leadership face in climbing the corporate ladder; this researcher selected the phenomenological method for conducting the research. Then, the plan is to synthesize the findings, and in conclusion, analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias as they pertain to women in leadership. QualitativeRead MorePROC 5000 Midterm Prep Essay8984 Words   |  36 Pagesin the context of strategic alliances, organizations are looking at total cost as a criterion, thus allowing win-win relationship building to lower total costs. Most public and private sector organizations are expected to use integrative (win-win) versus distributive (win-lose) negotiations, as they move away from adversarial and toward collaborative relationships with suppliers. Supplier Outsourcing In the private sector, executive managements perception of supplier importance and of the purchasing/sourcing

The Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol...

War is peace, freedom is slavery, Ignorance is strength (Orwell 7) this is one of the very many slogans that were used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are many examples of a Dystopia is that contain a lot of comparisons between the stories. Dystopian literature whether it be novel, film, or short story focuses on similar characteristics and things. A similarity that these three dystopias have in common is the time setting. All of these stories are set to be in a futuristic time, or at least a time that was the future from them. For instance, Orwell s book 1984 was written in 1948 as it stated on crisesmagazine.com â€Å"George Orwell Wrote 1984 in 1948†, but since it wasn’t 1984, o r anywhere near, so at the time it was considered the future. In Vonnegut’s short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† the author clearly gives evidence that they are ahead of time when he writes â€Å"The year was 2081 and everybody was finally equal (Vonnegut 1). the story is set to be 66 years ahead of the current year. In Niccol’s dystopian movie In time, the exact year is not clearly stated, but in the plot summary written by Claudio Carvalho they mention that it was set to be in futuristic times as it says â€Å"In a

Music Therapy Where Does It Stand - 1605 Words

Music Therapy: Where Does It Stand? When one needs psychotherapy, there are several options. Most people use one or more of these five types: body psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or relational psychotherapy (Jefferies). These are some of the most popular forms of psychotherapy, and most patients who use them are successful in healing or reaching a manageable state. Because of their famed efficiency and reliability, many people go straight to the aforementioned therapies and don’t consider other types. There are many other forms of psychotherapy that could potentially be as effective and reliable, considering their stats and patient outcomes. One of these is music therapy. What is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as â€Å"the clinical and evidence based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program† (â€Å"American Music†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Music therapy is used to treat people with a wide variety of needs. It can be used to treat people with anxiety, depression, an eating disorder, trauma, schizophrenia, substance abuse problems, Alzheimer’s and/or dementia, stroke, and those that are speech impaired (Snell, Register, and Simpson). There are also several different methods of music therapy. These include music games, music listening, music with art, music assisted relaxation,Show MoreRelatedThe Healing Power of Music Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn definition, music therapy is, â€Å"the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals† (American Music T herapy). Music has been an element of the human psyche since early ancestors fell asleep to the rhythmic sounds of waves lapping against the shore and awoke to singing birds at daybreak. Theories on music therapy trace back to ancient Egypt where it was called the â€Å"physic of soul† in other words, a healing power (Podolsky). It gained resurgence during WorldRead MoreMusics Health Effects1229 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine a world, where everyone has advanced focus, where everyone has no stress, and where everyone is perfectly happy. This perfect utopia may seem like a setting in a futuristic science fiction book, but this utopia is not some far flung reality. It’s possible, through the powerful healing effects of music. Music for centuries has entertained the crowds who came to watch it, but until recently have we learned the effects it brings to the human body. From raising your oxygen saturation, to loweringRead MoreAbbey DvoraksMusic Therapy Support Groups For C ancer Patients And Caregiver?876 Words   |  4 Pagespressure, heart disease, diabetes and more (Mayo Clinic). Music, for many, is a way to cope with these issues because it serves as a relaxation technique that reduces stress levels and anxiety. Abbey L. Dvorak published her peer-reviewed scholarly journal on cancer patients in the year 2015 which informs the readers about the health benefits of music and displays the feedback of the patients she has experimented on. Her work â€Å"Music Therapy Support Groups for Cancer Patients and Caregiver: A mixedRead MoreMusic Education and the Benefits Essay examples1700 Words   |  7 Pages Most understand that music is a useful tool for relaxation and leisure time. Fewer know that learning a musical instrument, or even listening to music for long periods of time, can have a positive impact on one’s academic abilities. Numerous researchers and college professors have looked into this correlation and again and again have produced data that confirms this common theory. Studying music can not only improve academic skills, but sharpen motor skills, memory, and create a well rounded, enrichedRead MoreThe Treatment Of Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagessymptoms of dissociative identity disorder and a number of other disorders (Ellason Ross, 1997). Many therapies, such as psychotherapy, that deals treatment through addressing trauma can be effective because of its integration with the root of dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Jekyll would benefit from a variety of psychotherapy, also known as â€Å"talk therapy.† This type of therapy is where Dr. Jekyll will have the opportunity to speak with a trained therapist in a safe and confidential environmentRead MoreFirstly, Antidiva Is An Autobiography, By Carole Pope1406 Words   |  6 Pagesautobiography, written by Carole Pope. Note: this book is not a biography. The key difference between a biography and an autobiography is that, in an autobiography, the author is telling a story about themselves, their own life. As opposed to a biography, where someone write an account of another’s life. Being aware this book is an autobiography is incredibly important if you consider the concepts of â€Å"truth† and reliable narrators. Antidiva is Pope’s account, memories, and research of her own life as sheRead MoreBenefits Of Psychosis And Drug Use1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best possible chance at recovery. A strategies that can be us ed is milieu therapy, this is where the hospital environment is changed to enable the client to receive the best therapy possible. â€Å"The key concepts of this therapy are containment, validation, structured interaction and open communication† (Chanu Shine, 2013). Such changes in the environment may include: dimming lights, playing relaxing, calming music, reducing noise and interactions from other patients, staff and family. For BenRead More high fidelity Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesthis point in his life is reflecting upon who his is and realizing that he wants more, he wants more than just working at the record store, although he does feel passionate about the store that specializes only in vinyl it isn’t making him very much money and he begins to feel as though he wants more out of life. Although Laura walked out on him she does love him and Rob finally realizes after she leaves that he doesn’t want anymore meaningless relationships; he only wants La ura. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AfterRead MorePersonal Views On Music Therapy Philosophies1816 Words   |  8 PagesPersonal Views on Music Therapy Philosophies There are many different views and approaches used in therapy and in society in general. These views include: cognitive, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, biological, and humanistic (Comer, 2014). Some of the approaches used include the Orff approach, Dalcroze approach, Kodaly approach, Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music, and Nordoff-Robbins approach (Darrow, 2008). Darrow explained the different philosophies, populations, andRead MoreBad Influence of Hip Hop on Youth1009 Words   |  5 PagesMusic producers have an influence on the music that today’s youth listen to that many are affected by even though the producers are unaware of it. Today there’s a lot of drug abuse, violence, and sex all on the rise even though hip hop itself is not to blame. Imagine our youth all over the country being exposed to this explicit kind of language. There is no need to imagine, because it is already happening. Ever since the rise of Rap and Hip Hop music, teens have been turning to them to help solve

Time and Cost Overrun in Hyderabad Metro Rail Project

Question: Discuss about the Time and Cost Overrun in Hyderabad Metro Rail Project. Answer: Introduction This research proposal focuses on the topic of Investigating on the Reasons of Time and Cost Overrun in Hyderabad Metro Rail Project which is based on the Hyderabad MetroRail (HMR). The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the required cost and time and to analyze the problem that is faced by the communities due to delay of the project. Background of the study Hyderabad Metro Rail project is a subsidiary of Larsen Toubro(LT) that already had invested Rs 16,000-crore ("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). The appointed date for delivering the complete metro project was on July5, 2012; however, it has been found that the project is currently under construction and is expected to complete until 2018 (Bharath et al., 2015). Reddy and Pimplikar, (2015) hence revealed the recent news that the project is going one and a half year delayed than the usual time and is suffering from multiple revisions and recurring controversies. The governing bodies of the state transform the Nizam's Land into a 'commuter-friendly, modern and green city'. Literature review This research will focus on particularly the time and cost overrun issue for the Hyderabad metro rail project. The project authorities are working on this project since 2003 and plan to deliver the project till 2012. However, the project is currently under construction and need more time to deliver the complete program ("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). The main engineering company Larsen Toubro has requested the state government to provide more 18 months to complete the metro rail project in Hyderabad (Economictimes.indiatimes.com, 2016). This review comprises of the current state of the Hyderabad metro rail project and the impact of cost and time for the delaying of the project. Current state of Hyderabad metro rail project Pilaka and Nallathiga, (2015) stated that Hyderabad Metro Rail(HMR) is a human benefit programs that intends to serve the transportation facility to the people of Hyderabad. The project is solely formulated on world's largestpublic-private partnershipalong with the participation of state government. Sharma et al., (2013) demonstrates that there are 3 (Phase I) number of lines and 64 (Phase I) number of stations that can hold an average speed of 35km/h and top speed of 80km/hr ("Hyderabad Metro", 2016). The primary concern for initiating this project is the rising population count in the concerned state; facilitate the public transport need to overcome the traffic issue between the twin cities- Hyderabad and Secundrabad. Whitworth, (2015) argues that the Hyderabad Metro project used advanced resources and technology for advancing station planning, rolling stock, track work, signaling and train control system, power supply,depots, AFC and traction and SCADA system ("Hyderabad Metro Rai l", 2016). Moreover, according to the updates made on 15th Sept, 2016, the corridor number 1 is from Miyapur to LB Nagar and it has two stages that is stage 2 and 5, where Miyapur to SR Nagar to SR Nagar to LB Nagar. There are two more corridors from JBS to Falaknama and Nagole to Shilparaman respectively. Thus, it can be included that there a significant work is completed and it is expected that the project will be completed as per as the extended time that is by the year 2018. As per as the recent news of May, 2016 the project needs almost 18 months metro rail project for the final delivery of the project (Das, 2014). Experts have explained that the major reason for the delay in the project is the lack of professional expertise and funds, that are needed to complete the project on time. However, the authorities had projected that the project is likely to be ready by December 2018, which is greater than the 18 months duration that the government had informed in the news channels ("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). Some of the issues that are facing the Hyderabad metro rail project are- complexity , investment issues and pending clearance issues: Pending Clearance Several mandatory clearances need to be secured from the Telangana State formation. Annavarapu, (2016) states that the proposed commissioning of two stretches, Nagole to Mettuguda and Miyapur to SR Nagarthat has 8km and 11km respectively need safety clearance that is pending until now("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). Moreover, senior management of LT assured that the project would pickup once the safety clearance will be assured. Investment Whitworth, (2015) depicts that they have investment issues that is also a great reason for getting the delaying of the Hyderabad metro rail project. LT has been executing the project on behalf of the Telangana government and the project already invested about 9,000 in 16,375 crore but among these investments the value of equity costs 2,700 crore and VGF gave 600 crore and the rest amount is in the debt account ("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). The investment hurdles have been crossed in most of the cases however, the delay and cost escalation affects the final delivery of the metro rail project. Complex project The Hyderabad metro rail project is the largest projects taken up in the Public-private partnership(PPP) modeand made huge investments in the project. This huge investment is not only in terms of the cash ,but in terms of the knowledge ,also that needs years of experience and technological advantages for accomplishing the entire project. Reddy and Pimplikar, (2015) illustrate that this project is a huge mess from the starting day due to failure of the clarity over starting operations and reinstates their irresponsible attitude and lack of commitment towards the city. Moreover, in this case, the project engineers failed to deploy traffic marshals that at the starting of the project ensures the smoothness of the movement of vehicles and diminishes the woes of people at many station of the metro stations like Punjagutta, SR Nagar and Habsiguda (Bharath et al., 2015). In addition to that, the lack of transparency between the government and project concessionaire that is the Larsen Toubr o (LT) is another major reason for delaying the project. Impact of cost metro rail project The impact of cost on this project is high and the state government and central government have made a collaborative investment. Sharma et al., (2013) illustrates that this project already invests a huge amount in the completion of the project. This author also opts that not only the investments is utilized for the raw materials and the resources but a huge portion of amount is also utilized in supporting the workers and the professionals who are in charge of the project. The delay of cost and time affects the overall project and the extra investment of the money from the government. Impact of time in metro rail project Das (2014) argues that the state government has ordered the company to complete the project on time. The major concern of this research is to identify the reasons behind these problems. This particular study will try to investigate on these two overrun issues in Hyderabad metro rail project. The impact of time is facing by the local people that can be evaluated by the issues of Traffic on the Khairatabad-Punjagutta stretch, where the roads are chocked owing to metro work ("NDTV", 2016). Whitworth, (2015) also added that between Begumpet and Paradise circle the lanes become shorter due to the huge pillars that is constructed for the metro rail project. Impact of social development due to delay in metro rail project In this section, the impact of social development is going to be discussed. It is evident that the delay of project affects other work and way of living of the local people. The half-constructed pillars for this metro rail project create traffic jams that result in delay of daily works of the people. Moreover, the human culture in these places is not bothersome about the inconvenience and to traffic. This amount can be utilized in the education system and better housing system so that they can also feel the development in their society. In addition to that, the natural resources that are used in the project causes deforestation and affects land include plants, water resources and landscape. McMichael, (2016) depicts that sometimes neighborhood infrastructures needed to be collapsed and the people living there have to be shift to another place. This creates a huge conflict and feeling of annoyance in the communities for the state government. All these factors diminish the overall soci al development. Bayley, (2015) on the other hand mentions that, India is a country where political plays a crucial role and there are several oppositional parties, who always oppose these activities that also creates an additional adversity in the state. Aim of the research The aim of the research is to evaluate the current problem of the Hyderabad MetroRail project in terms of cost, money and problem faced by the locals. As a result, this research is used to analyze the reasons behind this major issue in Hyderabad metro rail project. The total timeline cost for conducting the entire research will be $50,000 where the monetary finance is required to collected the data primarily directly from the local people. The project resources are the engineers, who are associating in the metro rail project and the managers, who are supervising the project and the community who defines the exact impact for the delay of the project. Research Objectives To evaluate the status of Hyderabad metro rail project To find out the overruns reasons of time happened in the metro rail project in Hyderabad To uncover the facts of overruns of cost occurred in the metro rail project in Hyderabad To determine the impact of the social development in Hyderabad by this delayed metro rail project Research Questions What is the status of Hyderabad metro rail project? Why overruns of time happened in the metro rail project in Hyderabad? Why overruns of cost occurred in the metro rail project in Hyderabad? How the social development in Hyderabad has been affected by the delay in the metro rail project? Structure of the research Figure 1: Conceptual framework The conceptual framework of the research is illustrated in the above diagram, which comprise of the introduction of the research topic and then followed by the literature review. This section comprises the current state of Hyderabad metro rail project that emphasizes on the pending clearance and investment made on the complex project. In addition to that the literature of the research highlights the impact of cost and time in metro rail project and the impact on the social development due to delay in metro rail project. Furthermore, the research will comprise of the research aim, objectives and methodology through which the data is collected. Data collection and data analysis are two procedures under data collection. Data are being collected for accomplishing the data, which is further analyzed through methodological analysis and gather an overall idea through various research made by other authors and news blogs and government updates. Lastly, the project cost will be present for es timated cost for conducting the research and find out how the social development in Hyderabad has affected by this delayed metro rail project. Research Methodology Introduction This section emphasizes on the research approach that is taken into consideration for accomplishing the entire research work. Mackey and Gass, (2015) argues that research methodology is a systemic process that describes the numerous types of relevant concepts and ideas that help to obtain the overall conclusion of the research. This section comprises of Analysis of the problem, research paradigm, unit of analysis, data collection process and analysis, research method and data analysis technique. Analysis of the problem The problem that will be analyzed in the research is the effect of cost and time that is caused due to the delay of the Hyderabad metro Rail project. The rationale of the research is to find the reason for the delay of the Hyderabad metro rail project and the locals are facing problem during this delay. Research paradigm Research paradigm provides the dimension and knowledge that helps to proceed with the research and attain basic facts, knowledge and concepts and are of three types- positivism, interpretivism and realism. Positivism signifies the ideas and concepts that is directly associated with the literature, interpretivism defines that the personal belief and value that highlight the real factsand realism demonstrates the existing beliefs and theories that support the research problem. In this research, interpretivism is used as people depict their view to interpret their trouble regarding the delay of the project. In the research the secondary sources like newspaper articles and blogs that are being selected is a personal and social reflection of the journalists or some experts. These sources highlights the existing situation of the metro rail project which will help to get an appropriate reason for the delay of the metro rail project and finally how much time and cost is extra used for comple ting he project. Unit of analysis The units of analysis are the selected cases that are used for accomplishing the research. In this case, the published literature that has been analyzed is the unit of analysis. Selection criteria for the research method In this research study, both the quantitative and qualitative data method will be used. The statistical data that is collected from the newspaper article will be analyzed statistically and hence signifies the quantitative data and the opinion that is collected from the papers and the blogs or the journals written by authors and experts is analyzed though qualitative methods. Thus, both of this method will effectively support the research outcome effectively. Research Purpose Research purpose is of three types- exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research purpose. Hertzog (2014) stated that research purpose is done for provision of accurate structural purpose, which is used for a well-defined research so that the objective of the research can be fulfilled. Exploratory research is used when there will be a long-term process of the research; whereas, explanatory research study helps to understand the cause and effect of the research by connecting it with different idea. Lastly, in descriptive research purpose, detailed information is provided with more exploration as well as explanation. In this research, exploratory research purpose will be provided so that exact reason for the delay of the Hyderabad metro rail project can be evaluated. Moreover, exploratory research will also help to find the exact time and budget overrun, which is the primary objective of this research. In this research, the previous research done in this context by other authors and the recent news published reading Hyderabad metro rail project will be taken and will be analyzed to study the aim of the research that is to find out the reason for the delay of the concerned project. Data collection process and analysis Sampson et al. (2015) depicts that data can be collected through secondary data collection. Secondary data are collected by published data like journals, books, companys portal and blog. Selection criteria for data analysis techniques In this research study, the secondary data is collected from the published data and status of the Hyderabad metro rail project and the technique that is used for analysis will be of explanatory research. Moreover, these secondary data will be collected from the newspaper journal like The Economic Times and The Times of India and from their blogs so that recent data can be taken into consideration. The gathered data is analyzed through thematic analysis where the themes taken for the reason behind the time overrun and the reason behind the cost or budget overrun can be evaluated. Moreover, some personal opinion through other authors view through internet blogs and magazine article columns and are also taken so that detailed evaluation can be done for accomplishing the research. Content analysis Krippendorff (2012) defines that in content analysis is the evaluation of the political orientation of the selected article, background of the research topic, visual perception of the tone of the research writing and the style of the writer. Content analysis can be of two types- quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis. Quantitative content analysis: It is a research method, which is a subjective interpretation of the data collected from the newspaper article (Flick 2015). Thus, secondary data has been collected and they are drawn from the newspapers and blog news to find out the reason for delay of the metro rail projects and the statistic data that represent the evidence of the time and budget overrun from the destined metro rail project. The statistical data that is taken from other news sources and articles written by journalists is taken and evaluated and if monthly details will be found then statistical interpretation can be done by using MS EXCEL to get a un-biased result regarding the true reason for the delay of the Hyderabad Metro rail project. Qualitative content analysis: In this case, the details regarding the metro rail project for obtaining the actual knowledge of the predetermined agenda of the entire project. Moreover, the actions the managing authorities and the administrators of the state are taking to overcome the delayed metro rail project will also be considered for qualitative content analysis. This approach help to evaluate the internal knowledge and the reason for the metro rail project delay. This can be done by selecting most updated news and facts about the Hyderabad metro rail project and what government is doing for completing the project so that community people can take maximum advantage of this new project for their ease of transport. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that in the research paradigm, interpretivism is used as people depict their view to interpret their trouble regarding the delay of the project. Moreover, the secondary sources like newspaper articles and other published data and news blogs will be analyzed so that appropriate result can be obtained. In this research, the selection criteria for the research method both the quantitative and qualitative data method are used. In context of the data analysis, both the Quantitative content analysis and Qualitative content analysis will be used so that statistical data can be analyzed quantitatively as it represent the numerical data and qualitative data will highlight all the internal data and reports for the delay of the Metro Rail Project. Data Analysis and Results Introduction Punch, (2013) describes that collecting data and information for the research study is helpful but analyzing it mathematically provides an exact illustration of the research. Data analysis is performed for modeling data so that accurate research can be formulated. Data editing De Waal et al. (2014) depicts that some data has been collected from the newspaper article may lose their validity with the passage of time and thus, these data have to be replaced by the updated data and to ensure the consistency and legibility of those data. In this case, the data that is collected from the 2012 new article have difference with the data obtained in the year 2015. For instance, the cost and the time estimated to complete the project may be updated, thus, data editing have to be done based on the recent updates in the data of the Hyderabad metro rail project. In this context, for the future dissertation the updated results in the changing situation of the metro rail project have to be continuously evaluated for the accurate research output. Data screening Data screening is a process where the statistical data that is collected from the secondary sources are analyzed for the research outcome. The prime objective for this method is to ensure that the datais accurate so that the further statistical analysis can be done without any problem. In this case, the statistical data that will be collected from the news articles and the previous research done by other experts. This procedure is evaluated similar to the data analysis that is to find out the continuous updates from government, architect and the project manager so that most updated results can be used to fulfill the objective of the research that is to find out the reason for the delay of metro rail project in Hyderabad. Analysis and results The result is analyzed according to the secondary research data. The secondary data will be analyzed by qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The statistical data that will be collected from the newspaper article and the budget get from the blog and research done by other authors on the Hyderabad metro rail projects delay is evaluated through methodological analysis (See Appendix, Figure 2). Lastly, the project cost will be present that represents an estimated cost for conducting the research and find out how the social development in Hyderabad has affected by this delayed metro rail project. The primary objective to use these statistical data is to evaluate the central tendency of the data collected from the research. There are different authors, who are researched on same topic and from the year 2012, they have researched about the delay of the project. Throughout these years, they may have collected data primarily by conducting surveys to local people and the problem they face by delay and what factors they thing is responsible for the delay, interview with the managers and engineers. The survey is done by preparing a questioner to the local people. The different authors in different year from 2012 onwards if collected data primarily, in the research those statistical data will be considered for every each as a one set of data. Moreover, in the Appendix, Figure 2, several articles are selected as secondary sources by the respective author. Some research are accomplished qualitatively that is analyzing case studies, while some are done quantitative that is by conducting survey. All these researches help in this research to gather an overall idea regarding the reason for which the Hyderabad metro rail project is delayed. Developed research model Figure 2: Developed research model (Source: Created by Author) Research Risks Fink (2013) depicts that risk associated during the research are physical, psychological, social, legal and emotional. Rea and Parker (2014) on the other hand denotes that risks of randomization, risks of breach of confidentiality and risk of long term effects are some of the other risk that should also taken into consideration. However, in this research, the risk that will occur is the legal obligation that on violation will result in penalization. The primary reason is that due to some political issues, the managing authority will not ready to disclose their exact data for the delaying of the metro rail project. In context of the psychological and emption risk, the community of the Hyderabad may feel offended, as they are not much concerned about the completion of the project. Moreover, they have their daily household work which may is delayed and as a results actual details may not be gathered when data from the community. The risk of over-budget may be a crucial risk while conduc ting the research that may be exceeded depending on the social situation. In addition to that, due to incomplete project, the nearby communal may hurt by the infrastructural products. Time Scale Main activities/ stages 1st Week 2nd-4th Week 5th- 7th Week 8th-10th Week 11th-13th Week 14th-15th Week Desired Cost Topic Selection 0 Data collection from secondary sources 0 Literature review 0 Research Plan Formulation 10,000 Selecting the Research Techniques 0 Secondary data gathering and detailed analysis 25,000 Summary of the Significance 0 Submission of Final Work 0 Figure 3: Time Scale for the entire project The timescale is given to represent the estimated time to complete the research. The entire process of conducting the research comprises of topic Selection, Data collection from secondary sources which us followed by the literature review, research plan formulation, selection of the research techniques, secondary data analysis of collected data and lastly the submission of final work. The topic selection is competed on the first week as the research topic is already given and selected for the future dissertation. The topic of the search is Investigating on the Reasons of Time and Cost Overrun in Hyderabad Metro Rail Project. The total time estimated for collecting secondary data will be 4 weeks so that detailed data can be taken. Moreover, for accomplishing the detailed data on the literature review will take 3 weeks where most recent data are taken that can explain the exact reason of the time and cost overrun due to the delay of the Hyderabad metro rail project. Three weeks are est imated for the research work planning so that the research work can be completed in a systematic way; however, the selection of the research techniques that is which method to analyze the collected data and selecting the process for data screening and editing. Six weeks are taken as a required time so that the data collected can be proper gather and analyzed and it may require 25,000 to complete the entire analysis. After the completion of the entire data analysis, an overview of the most probable reason for the reason for the delay of the Metro rail project will be gathered. Summary In this research proposal, the impact of delay of Hyderabad Metro rail project is been highlighted. In this case, not only the cost but it also affects the time and the social development of the Hyderabad city. Moreover, the project is delayed and the engineers that the project needs an additional of 18 months to accomplish the same. It is also found that the project cost 16,375 crore in which LT builders spend 5,000-6,000 crorefor civil construction and for developing 6 million sq. ft of real estate, Rs 2,000 crore is required. Significance The significance of this research proposal is to evaluate the reason behind the delay of the metro rail project when the work is extended further and to reinstates their irresponsible attitude and lack of commitment towards the city. The further research work will highlight or have the significance of the current situation of the metro rail project and whether there are any changes made in the delivery date of the project as according to the current estimation the project will be completed till 2018. Discussion of the results Introduction After the completion of the data collection and analysis, the discussion is important to make the reader get an overall idea about the result of the projects. Even though the discussion of the data is being mentioned when it is presented in the research paper, yet the section for discussion of the results gives the final evaluation of the paper in a nutshell. The data that has been collected in the previous chapters are linked with the research questions and the objectives of the research. By linking the objectives and the questions, it becomes easier for the researcher as well as the readers to understand whether the questions and the objectives that have been considered in the beginning have been fulfilled in the research or not. Summary of the research questions results What is the status of Hyderabad metro rail project? The status of the Hyderabad metro rail project states that the project will be completed by December 2018 (Bharath et al., 2015). The lack of funds from various sources along with the government and the unavailability of professional expertise is the main reason behind the delay. The completion of the projects takes another 18 months. Thus, it can be seen that lack of funds and expertise are some of the major factors for the delay. Why overruns of time happened in the metro rail project in Hyderabad? The clearance that is needed to complete the project is taking more than it should take. Due to formation of the new state, Telangana, the safety clearance is required from the places like, Nagole, SR Nagar, Mettuguda and Miyapur (Annavarapu, 2016). Investment is another issue that is poising a problem for the people of Hyderabad. Due to lack of availability of finds from the private investors has also resulted in the overrun of time ("Hyderabad Metro Rail", 2016). Even though, the investments issues have been cleared in many areas, yet the cost escalations and the delay in the investment has resulted in the overrun of time further. Why overruns of cost occurred in the metro rail project in Hyderabad? The cost of building the metro project is not only limited to the resources or raw materials but also on the people who are associated with the projects. Thus, whenever there is overrun of time, there is overrun of cost. The builders have to increase the contracts with the workers and the professionals who are associated with the project (Sharma et al., 2013). Extra investments and funds are required to support the workers and the professional experts who are associated with the project. How the social development in Hyderabad has affected by this delayed metro rail project? Whenever there is any kind of construction coming up in the vicinity, the most affected part of the society are people living in it. The construction operations result in traffic jams, which make it difficult for the people to move around. In addition to this, due to the delay in the construction extra amount of funds go into the construction operations (McMichael, 2016). If the amount of money us being used for development of the housing system or for the educational system, the fund would have been used for the right purpose and better development of the future of the younger generation. On the other hand, a number of demolitions take place to make place for the development of the bridge for the metro rail paths. Even though, the government takes charges for the people who have to shift their houses, yet it is difficult for them to adjust in the new locality (Bayley, 2015). Finally, the oppositional parties of a particular state are always coming up with new problems, which created further issues in the development of projects. Thus, it can be seen that the social life of the people get hugely affected not only by the delay but also due to the social and political issues are making things difficult for the people of the state. 7.2.1 Key factors Delayed work in the industry Increase in cost of the project Hammering the social development Research objectives To fulfil the objectives of a research paper, the researcher give rise to the research questions. Thus, research questions and the objectives are related to each other. The main objectives that have been taken into consideration by the researcher are to evaluate the status of the metro railway projects, the reasons behind the overruns of time and the overruns of costs and study the impact on the social development due to the delay in the metro projects. However, after looking onto the data collected for various sources after linking them with the research questions, it can be seen that the formation of new state, Telangana and the unavailability of funds are some of the main reasons that is affecting the entire project as a whole. Once a clearance is delayed, it increases the total amount of time required to complete the project. Once more time is required, the basic cost of completion of the project also increases accordingly. On the other hand, if the investor does not provide fund s in a timely manner, it ends up with the requirement of more funds for the projects. Hence, it can be seen that huge amount of money are being used without any proper utilization of the money. The same amount of money could have been spent for other social developments, which might have helped the people of the state but the extra funds are being used for making up for delay, which is are completely unwelcomed by the people of Hyderabad. Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusions Once the data collection, analysis and the discussion of the results have been done, the conclusion and the recommendations are introduced for the readers to get an idea about the other aspects of the research work. as the researcher has evaluated the problems with the help of the data and discussed it thoroughly, hence the person has an idea about the shortcomings faced by various companies in the construction industry. Thus the, researcher will be the best person to give the recommendations. The recommendations can be give both to the subject of the research as well as the future researchers who might be working on the similar field depending on the problems that have been faced by the present researcher to complete the projects. The recommendations mainly act as the solutions to the problems that have been highlighted in the research work. The theoretical and managerial implications are been given in this section mainly to help the researcher and the managers who are working in th e similar field. The researcher will be able to make use of the theories of the present research work and the manager will be able to make use of the paper in practical field. The limitations and the scope for future research is mentioned so that the reader get an idea about the areas where the paper has not been able to throw light. Key recommendations The first and the most important recommendation is directed to the government of India and more importantly, the local government who has taken up the initiative to give the people of Hyderabad a better way of commuting from one place to another place. The delay in the project is not only creating problem for the people of the state but also for the movement, which has to give out huge amount of funds for the development of the projects. It is recommended for the government to first take the clearance from various places through which the metro will run and then start the construction of other places. Once the construction starts, it naturally creates problem for the people who are moving on the road. If the government has to get full clearance for any location, then it should wait for the clearance and the start the project. Half-built constructions create many problems by increasing the traffic of the place. The researcher while completing the research work has faced various limitations. Thus, recommendation are being given to the researcher who is carrying out the research work. It is better to start collecting the secondary data in the initial stage of the research work and complete the secondary data collection after the primary data has been collected and analysed by other authors and considering their work for attaining idea for the delay of the Hyderabad metro rail project. In this way, the researcher will get the latest data available for the research work. Completing the primary data collection first will help the researcher to get time to incorporate the changes that might have to happened in the development of the construction projects. The researcher will get an idea about the further development that might happen later and can mention those areas in the future scope of the research work. The readers will get an idea about the sections that have not been covered in the researc h paper and make use of the paper accordingly. Theoretical and managerial contributions of the study Theoretical research implications The future researchers could take help from the data that has been presented in the present research work. Even though, the present research mainly talks about the problems of the metro railway project of Hyderabad, there are other projects as well that are lying undone. Some of the problems that have been discussed in this research work might affect those projects as well (Jonassen Land, 2012). If any such construction problems are being studied in future, the factors that have been mentioned in this project could evaluated in the future discussions as well to know whether similar problems persist in those construction projects (Gopnik, 2012). Thus, theoretically, the future researcher will get an introduction to the types of problems that are being faced in the construction sites and it will be easier for them to frame their future projects. Conceptual model for further research Figure 4: Conceptual model for further research Managerial implications The research paper could be used by the managers well who are working for various construction companies. They might have also faced similar issues while completing their projects on time. The research paper will help those managers to get an idea about the problems that he or she might face while carrying out a research work (Taylor Taylor, 2012). On the other hand, the managers can use the solutions that have been given in the form of the recommendations in the paper if they face nay such kind of problems in the business (Edmans, 2012). On the other hand, the problems that might be faced by the people while a construction is going on and the workers will help the manager to make the situations better while they are working on other projects. Study limitations and future research Study limitations In such construction projects, developments happen on a regular basis. The developments can be negative as well as positive. The researcher has used the latest data required for the completion of the research work. However, it might happen that in the period of completion of the project, submission and publication of the project some more changes have happened in the field, which have not been recorded in the present research work. Similarly, the researcher has maintained a timetable to carry out the project. Some amount of time has been kept between the submission of the project and the collection of the data. New data might come in the period between the time of data analysis and the submission, which are not being analysed by the researcher. Thus, the readers might get a paper where some data is missing that have developed after the publication of the project. The secondary data is most important for the present research work. Many websites do not let all users access the data. The users either have to sign up for membership with website or might have to pay for a particular. In this way, the research gets affected. The researcher might not be able to sign up for the membership or pay for the paper due to various constraints. The readers will only get the data that could be accessed freely by the researchers. On the other hand, various governmental data is associated with the research work. The government websites might not give out all the information to the people and hence, the researcher has not been able to provide accurate data for the research. Moreover, it takes time for the government to incorporate all the data in the websites. If the government takes time to make the data available online, then also it will limit the research to the data that is available online in that period. Future research The present researcher talks about the social development of the place where the metro project is going on. The future researchers can carry out another researcher can the perspectives of the people who are the sufferers due to the delay in the project. The primary data could be collected from the people who could present their view. In the present research, the effects on the budget of the government are mainly discussed. Once a researcher will present the problems faced by the people who are living near the construction sites then the government will take special steps to complete the projects and work in a faster manner than it is doing in the present. The research should also have the statistics that will present the number of accidents that have taken place in the area where the construction is going on. The data will make the government realise the urgency of completing the projects in a timely manner Further research could be done on the life of the construction workers who are working for the metro projects and the duty is never ending for them. They would be able to throw light on the safety measures taken up by the government officials to protect the workers. The safety measure is another issue that is related to the construction project and the government should keep a part of the funds for the safety of the workers. When there is lack of funds the worker are also affected as they might not receive timely wages. In addition to this, they are unable to take up work elsewhere as they are already working for this project, which is getting delayed. Most of the construction companies pay the workers on daily basis. Thus, if the project is delayed, their income gets affected accordingly. A number of issues have been stated in the present research that speaks about the reason behind the delay in the project. Future researcher could carry out investigations in the areas which are causing delay in the projects. The people have the right to know the operations of the place, which is creating the delay in the projects. Once the problems in those areas will be highlighted, there is a chance that the problems might be solved accordingly. The construction of a particular site can then be completed within the given time once the problems of the associated parties are solved in a proper manner. References Annavarapu, R. (2016).Trailing Window: A Journey into Rail History.Partridge Publishing. Bayley, D. H. (2015).Police and political development in India.Princeton University Press. Bharath, K., Jain, S. K., Varun, K., Ramakrishna, N. 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Scientific thinking in young children: Theoretical advances, empirical research, and policy implications.Science,337(6102), 1623-1627. Hertzog, C. (2014). On the utility of structural equation models for developmental research.Life-Span Devevelopment and Behavior,10, 257. Holmes, K. M. (2016).Research Ethics in the Ontario College Sector: An exploratory descriptive study of governance and administrative frameworks(Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto). Hyderabad Metro Project May Get Delayed By 18 Months: LT - NDTV. (2016).Profit.ndtv.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-hyderabad-metro-project-may-get-delayed-by-18-months-l-t-1402752 Hyderabad Metro Rail.(2016).Hmr.gov.in. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://www.hmr.gov.in/ Hyderabad Metro.(2016).Hyderabad Metro.Retrieved 23 September 2016, from Mahalakshmi, B. (2016). Hyderabad Metro: One of worlds largest infra projects deadline pushed to Dec 2018; heres why. 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Research Methodology for Communication and Technology Business

Question: Discuss about theResearch Methodology for Communication and Technology Business. Answer: Introduction: Social media and networking is on one of the major part of the life of the people. And thus businesses are using this network for marketing their products and communicating with the customers. It is the result of technological advancement in the communication and technology business. It has been analysed that social media networking and communication is used by the companies and this provides them with some of the benefits as well as the disadvantages (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010).This is the research report that discusses about the research plan that has been used to conduct the research over the topic. Project Objective: Objectives of the research discusses about the main theme of the research around which the research or the study revolves.as far as this case is considered, it is the research that deals with social media networking and its benefits and disadvantages to the business. The study provides the information about the social media engagement of the organizations along with the benefits and the disadvantages of the use of social media networking in the business functions: Project Scope: The scope of the research deals with analysing the benefits and disadvantages associated with using social media networking in business functions. This research provides the future researchers about the idea of the functions in which the social media networking is used by the companies (Smith Zook, 2011). The companies can take better measures to avoid the disadvantages. It also helps in gaining knowledge regarding the business use of social networking so that it can be incorporated in most of the companies that are linked with fast food industry. Literature Review: As far as the literature review that has been discussed is considered, it has been analysed that the literature provides various aspects of social networking. The literature mainly talks about the company called McDonalds as the case so that the benefits and advantages of the social networking in different functions can easily be understood (Leonardi, Huysman Steinfield, 2013). Many researchers have suggested that technology is part of the life of the people as well as of the businesses. The main function that requires technological advancement is communication of businesses with the customers as well as among each other. It has been argued in the literature hat social media is the tool that allow the companies to avail so much of facilities such as interaction with the people, communicating the information, posting the das, sharing knowledge etc. the tool of social networking has changes or altered the whole scene of business communication these days (Rennie Morrison, 2013).E. It allow the companies to have two way communication such that the companies post their information the online portals and the customers provide their review on that information thus completes the communication between the company and the customers. There are various benefits that the company enjoys because of social networking use in its functions such as more customers attraction, more market presence, better communication etc. the case of McDonalds suggest that it is the company that uses social networking to a great extend its functions. The major use of social networking sites are in communication function of the business. McDonalds is also using the social media tools as the advertising medium and thus gaining many benefits out of it (Gronum, Verreynne Kastelle, 2012). As far as the other side of use of social media is considered, it has been analysed that there are different disadvantages as well that the companies are experiencing because of the use of social media in their fu nctions. This is because some of the campaigns by McDonalds have failed when the company has failed to target the audience with better strategies of social marketing. It has been analysed that any wrong step on social media by the company can affect the image of the badly. McDonalds has faced such issues but has succeeded in gaining its brand name again. Other disadvantages that have been discussed by different researchers are the resources or the technical skills required by the employees (Gensler, Vlckner, Liu-Thompkins Wiertz, 2013). It is required by the companies to hire the resources having a particular type of skills so that they can handle the activities of social media networking in the functions. There are some issues that have been found on which the research is needed. The literature or the study does not provide the benefits and disadvantages into different industries. Research Questions/Hypothesis: There are some questions that need to be answered and thus the research needs to be conducted by implementing the following methodology. Some of the research question for this research is: Primary questions: How social media impact on the functioning of the company? Secondary Questions What are the advantages of using social media? What are the disadvantages of using social media? Research Design and Methodology Qualitative research: Qualitative research is the research that needs to be conducted in order to gain the knowledge about the views and the opinions regarding the topic. It is the exploratory research that studies about the reasons behind the topic. Process: Determination of research question Studying the literature review Generating the hypothesis Data collection Data analysis Evaluation Results Reliability and validity: As afar as the qualitative research is concerned, it has been analysed that these researchers are not that reliable because it does not involve and figures of data to justify. It may have greater validity as the perception of the sample is taken in order to conduct the research. Reliability of the research can be enhanced by taking the data from the reliable sources such as from the companies that are using the social media networking as tool. Sampling and sample size: The sampling method that has been used in this research is stratified sampling in which a company from 4 of the industries are selected and from every company 50 employees are selected to conduct the research. So, the total sampling size is 400. Data collection: as the data needs to be collected from the employees from different companies so it is not possible to conduct interviews and thus it is required to fill the questionnaires sent through e-mail (Edmonds Kennedy, 2016). Data analysis: the data has been analysed by understanding the relationship between the industry and the benefits and disadvantages. Variable specifications: there are two types of variables in the research, the first is the dependent variable that is advantages and disadvantages of social media and the independent variable in the research is the type of industry, this is because the type of industry affects the benefits that the industry or the company can gain because of social media use. Quantitative research: Quantitative research is the research that deals with figures and data. It is the study that results in quantifying the issues discussed and to generate the numerical data to take ait the result from the study. It does not look for the reasons but quantify the elements such as opinions, attitude, perception etc. Process: Both the type of researches that is qualitative and quantitative follows the same basic steps in order to conduct the research. It has been analysed that the study involves following steps: Determination of the hypothesis Designing of the research Select the sample Data collection Analysis of data Evaluation of the data Conclusion of the research Research instruments: Research instruments include the methods in which the data is being collected by the researchers. The instrument that involves in this research is questionnaire. The questionnaire has some closed and some open questions that determines about the different aspects. The observation method has also been used to observe that data from the reports of the company that provides the idea about the increase in sales because of social media. Data analysis process: Data has been analysed by process of relationship analysis. The analysis of the data is done by making the relationship graph between the benefits of the social media and the impact of the industry on the same. The graph of different industries have been made together so that dependency of industry can be analysed the benefits or the disadvantages achieved in the company. Sampling and sample size: as far as the sampling technique is considered, it has been analysed that like the qualitative analysis, stratified sampling is gain used in this research as well (Kirson, et al. 2013). This helps in involving different companies with different industries and also the employees from each of the selected company. There are four industries or the companies that have been selected and 50 employees from every company are selected. The total sample size is 200 employees. Reliability and validity: the research that has been conducted by quantitative method r more reliable than the qualitative methods. This is because the research of quantitative methods includes figures that are more reliable than the theoretical concepts. Research Limitations: This is the part of the research proposal that includes the limitations of the research (Ngai, Tao Moon, 2015). It has been analysed from the above research that it does not include all the industries. Thus the result that has been concluded from the study cannot be implied on any of the industry. It has been observed that industry is independent variable that has its impact on the benefits and the disadvantages experienced by the company from social media use thus the results that are being concluded may be industry specific and it cannot be assumed for any of the industry. Another limitation that has been associated with the research is that it is not necessary that every individual or the employees that has been considered in the sample will revert to the questionnaire sent by the e mail. It may also be possible that the employees have not consciously filled the questionnaire. It may be possible that they do not have any idea about the figures that how much their company is benef ited of disadvantaged by the social media thus lack of information of the respondents is another limitation. Time Schedule (Research plan): Activities involves in the research plan: Development of research questions: It is the stage where the research questions are being framed. It has been analysed that the research questions are the major objectives of the research. Designing of the research: It is the stage here all the methods and the techniques that are being used in the research to collect the data and the other things are being decided. Data collection: It is the stage or the phase of the research that deals with actually conducting the research or collecting the data. Data analysis: It is the stage where the data that has been collected is sorted down and analysed to take out the conclusion. Results: It is the stage where the actual conclusion is being framed after analysing the whole data. Limitations: It is the stage where the research limitations are being mentioned so that it becomes easy for the other readers to use and imply the conclusion or the results in further researches. Activity Time (in months) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Development of research questions Research design Data collection Data analysis Conclusion Limitation findings Conclusion: It has been conclude from the qualitative research that most of the respondents from food industry and hotel industry suggests that social media can be used s the tool for marketing while the IT industry and most of the respondents from financial and IT industry suggests that social media is good for internal communication. It has been analysed from the answers of the employees that food and hospitality industry are among more use of these tools also getting disadvantages. As far as the quantitative report has been considered, it has been analysed that food and hospitality industry is enjoying more befits of social media technology but also experiencing more number of disadvantages and the major disadvantage is the impact on brand image of the company by the negative reviews of the people. 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