2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester

The Effects of industrialisation on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increase the prison- fracture between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were twain criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of imagine were from supporters of industrialization, those who contend industrialization, journalists, and outsiders.Supporters of the industrialization of Manchester were typically British politicians or businessmen, impressed by the leave and production of Manchester. One of these was Englishman W. H. Thomson, writer of History of Manchester to 1852. Thomson provides a map that shows the ontogeny of Manchester over a period of one hundred years in which in transformed from a small t own into a gamy industrial city with railroads and canals. This map shows how industrialization leads to rapid population ontogeny and expansion, making Thomson an obvious supporter of industrialization.Another supporter of industrialization was Englishman doubting Thomas B. Macaulay, a liberal member of parliament and a historian. In his essay, Southeys Colloquies, Macaulay praises industrialization and Manchester for producing wealth for the nation, which in turn would improve the quality of sprightliness for the middle figure and peasantry. A final supporter of industrialization was bicycler and Co. , which praises the industrious spirit of Manchester in the preface to an 1852 business directory, shortly after(prenominal) Manchester was granted a royal charter as a city.The authors owe the fruits of the citys labor to its energetic exertions and enterprising spirit, which is an unrealistic description of the motivations of the working crystalise, and the preface was likel y propaganda, being in association with the Crown. The supporters of industrialization were the ones becoming richer by it. They were separated from the working class and did not hear their plight. Those who unlike the industrialization of Manchester were more concerned with the well-being of those affected by it.These were poets, women, socialists, and wellness reformers who were disturbed by the living and working conditions of the middle class and the peasantry. One protester was Robert Southey, an English Romantic poet and author of Colloquies on the do and Prospects of Society in 1829. Being a Romantic poet, Southey laments on the industrialization of the city and describes it as a miserable place where the buildings which are without their antiquity, without their beauty, without their holiness, and where, when the buzzer rings, it is to call the wretches to their work instead of their prayers. Another protester is Frances Anne Kemble, an actress, poet, and dramatist, who , in her accountancy of a journey of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, depicts a protest by the disgruntled working class over Corn Laws, which were tariffs on merchandise grain. In her depiction, the protesters scorn the triumphs of machinery and the gain and glory which wealthy Manchester men were likely to derive from it. This is a very Romantic depiction, as the protesters are breaking free from their bonds to choose liberty over wealth.A final protester was Edwin Chadwick a public health reformer, who, in his Report of the Sanitary Conditions of the labour Population of Great Britain, argued that the cramped conditions, unsanitary practices, and air pollution of Manchester greatly lower the average lifespan of its citizens, and that more lives are lost referable to unsanitary conditions in industrial cities than in modern wars. Journalists reporting on life in Manchester were any(prenominal)times in favor of industrialization, but some opposed it.One journal i n favor of the industrialization of Manchester feature an article by William Alexander Abram, a journalist and historian, in 1868. Abram claimed that conditions had increased dramatically since the early Industrial Era through law reform. A journal that was opposed to the industrialization of Manchester was the Lancet, a British medical journal founded and edited by Thomas Wakley. In 1843, The Lancet published a chart displaying the average age of death in four districts, two of which were industrial and two of which were rural.The average age of death in the industrial districts was far younger, but was especially young in Manchester, showing that Manchester was thence the unhealthiest of industrial cities. A final journal that protested the industrialization of Manchester was The Graphic, a cartridge clip that dealt with social issues. The Graphic published a picture of a view from Blackfriars Bridge over the river Irwell in the 1870s. The picture was a very quaggy depiction of Manchester, showing smokestacks that blotted out the sky with lack plumes of smoke and bollocks pouring directly into the river Irwell, both of which caused tremendous health issues for the people of Manchester. Outsiders who visited Manchester in the 19th century were often disgusted by the monochromatic, unsanitary, and dangerous modus vivendi of the push class of Manchester. These were typically French socialists who spoke out against the abuse of the poor by the rich. One such Frenchman was Alexis de Tocqueville, author of Journeys to England and Ireland in 1835.De Tocqueville, a socialist, tells us that the city of Manchester is based on the winneres of individuals and the enslavement of others, rather than the success of society as a whole. Another French Socialist opposed to the industrialization of Manchester is Flora Tristan, a womens rights advocate, who published her journal in 1842. The fact that it is her private journal makes it the most credible source to the c onfrontation of industrialization because she is merely reflecting and not attempting to sway anyones mind. Tristan describes the working class of Manchester as sick and emaciated, and ends her entry with this lamentation O God contribute progress be bought only at the cost of mens lives? The industrialization of Manchester in the 18th and 19th centuries created wealth for the rich, but conditions for the laboring class worsened, and the gap between rich and poor increased. Many poets, socialists, and health reformers criticized the industrialization of Manchester, but politicians and business praised the industrious spirit of the city that alter their pockets. All of these feelings led to the revolutions of the 19th century and the rise of socialism and communism.